III. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление герундия. Укажите, какую функцию он выполняет в предложении.

1. Crane is a mechanical device, which is used for lifting freight. 2. They insisted onexamininggoods beforeloading. 3. One of the very first railways in the USA, which was 3 miles in length, used horses forpullingwagons. 4. The main advantages of electric locos are high speeds ofrunning and clean operation. 5. Usingcomputers will enable us to increase the efficiency of work.6. He went away without waiting for us. 7. They decided to reconstruct the new terminal instead of building a new one. 8. I can’t see why the machine stopped working. 9. The advantage of having a car is that you do not have to rely on public transport. 10. Why does he avoid meeting journalists? 11. The police officer accused him of exceeding the speed limit. 12. It is no use having a car if you do not know how to drive. 13. The rules of operating this machinery are very simple. 14. Laying rails took much time before inventing a track-laying machine. 15. All drivers should wear seat belts because they make driving much safer. 16. I can’t insist on your staying a little longer because you risk missing the last train. 17. The method of joining the rails together by means of welding is used for reducing joints. 18. After laying sleepers upon the roadbed, the workers began fastening the rails to them. 19. Toronto plans to spend $C1.66 billion for expanding the metro and buying new cars. 20. There was still some hope of catching the last train. 21. Using long-welded rails allows reducing wear and tear of vehicles.

IV. Определите, какую функцию выполняет слово с окончанием –ing, и переведите предложения.

1. They stopped a fast-running taxi. 2. Helicopters need very little space for taking off and landing. 3. Not wishing to discuss this problem, he changed the subject of the conversation. 4. Having arrived in London I phoned my friend. 5. The number of workers was minimized after installing the new equipment. 6. Russian trains run on 76 direct international lines linking Moscow with Paris, Copenhagen, Berne, Rome, Berlin and so on. 7. Having waited for him for half an hour they went home. 8. British Rail offers different discounts to certain groups of travelers, enabling them to travel at half-price. 9. A lot of sand will be required for building the road. 10. Railway transport is one of the cheapest ways of hauling freight over long distances. 11. While making the experiments in the laboratory of Cambridge University Newton discovered the law of inertia. 12. I think that walking is the best way of traveling. 13. Having reached the river they stopped because there was no bridge across it. 14. Indian Railways has designed and built a prototype double-deck car having seats for 148 passengers. 15. All 38 bridges crossing the Moscow River are different. 16. While laying down the track builders use many machines making man’s labor easier. 17. Writing letters and reports are the purposes most people use computers for. 18. Most phones now have memories for storing frequently used numbers. 19. This power station works 24 hours a day, supplying five million houses with electricity. 20. On many US railroads handling freight traffic, trains becomes longer and less frequent. 21. Many countries have cable TV, a system using wires for transmitting TV programs. 22. A video phone has a device, which allows us to see a room and the face of the person speaking. 23. The media, such as radio and television, tell us what is happening in the world.