Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Лекции по русской литературе / Лекции по русской литературе_Набоков В_1999 -440с

.pdf
Скачиваний:
40
Добавлен:
17.05.2015
Размер:
2.58 Mб
Скачать

7$5 '9[$9 3=$8$ "$S "$( 59, '#3$ g6#(" B 6"(&$ "' 5'? =$( 59 (V$ !, V' 9 '?([$( 6(=" !59 3'8'B S(- =(& 8(59A.

C $=EB Y$&$='6, «([( &$ "(5 '4! ' 8#"'6(" B 8'4'3- A(6$ ' 8$V$6W B 4$ '8 "$ =E4!A(, ' 5 459 "$ 5 4 ='" 4 #'4'6 "$ #= 3!. «Y='5 4, ?='5 4 "$5!» &$4( ( $4 '": «?='5 4; 5 S"' (8 5 $4' 5 "$8 . %3 ",$ (=5 ( (=!, '3 "!» '6 '= 4 '" "(5 '4! ' =$&$M3EB =$& 6E"'5 4 6 (=(3 56'Z = 5 ' 3(4(""E8$&$ (4!"E8 $4!A(8. D'#3$ ;= "$ >4$5!(6"$ = ?4 - & 4$5! "(8 , = 54'" 6 56'Z 5(3 Z #'4'6 (#' 5(- 3'B #'4'6(, 5 $&$4$: «j ' 3(4$ !, >$59! CE" ' =(&$""EB 4'8' !. %", S ' 5' '4: &$V' (4 - = 4( (4, &$V' (4 -4( (4; $ 8E 5 '?'B, $ ' (" "$ 3 4(, 5 3 8 =93-'8, " 5 8(5 $. D'4! ' 9 '5 $" 5! 349 (?9 "$6( "(-&8(""', $ E 349 8("9».

>$5 4 B 26$"'6 S = "94 ' 4 A$ = '?"94 56'Z M(" , 56'Z '3= # , $ =( ', $ 6 8'4'3'5 (( "( '?" 8$4: '"$ (W 4$ (#' 6 (#' (S$4 ».

* * *

R' = V' Y$&$='6$ 36'( 3= &(B &$(&M$Z 6 7 '4!- 5 '(, #3( V "( 'M 3$4 . R='6(39 &3(5! S( E=( "(4( EV S$5$ (6' 6=(89 ' '=EV <$ 9 3$M( "( 6EW4$ & 56'(B'8"$ E), '" (&M$Z 6 \$=! "'. j(=(& 3(59 ! 3"(B ;= $3 B 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 7 '4!5 '(. D =#("(6 96"' "('?V'3 8' (#' 3$4 ! "$ 6=(89 55'=E 8(M3 Y$&$='- 6E8 R$64'8 R( ='6 S(8. 7' 5'6(=W(""' "(95"', '- S(8 Y$&$='6 '5 $( 59: 5 (8 M( 5 (V'8 '" 8'# ?E ='- 6'3 ! 56' = 8 6"E( N 5 (= 8(" E 6 ='3 (4!5 '8 3'8(. 7$S "$( 59 (8$ O(" S Y$&$='6$, 8E = - 5 5 6 (8 = &"$8(" 'B 5A("( 6 5 =("(6'B ?(5(3 (, &$6(=W$Z[(B59 65( (8 M( = (8'8 '354 W 6$" 9 6 5$3 :

« - d 4Z?4Z, '#3$ 6E #'6'= (. D'S"' = S(( M =S . O(" S $ ' 6'=' 4$ #'4'6 .

161

-<$ 'B 6E! - ='8'46 4$ '"$, (=(? =$9 $4!A$8 ' A6( $8. - 2 S ' 6$8 8("9 54 W$ !? >E 5 $ 8 8"E8 3$8$8 =$'6'= 8(4 .

-aV, O(3'5!9 7 '4$6"$! - '6(=! ( 8"(: 65( 8"E( 3$8E "$ 56( ( "( 5 '9 6$W(#' 4' ' $.

-7 , 6' ([( S ' 6E3 8$4 ! - W( " 4$ O(" S $ '3-

M$4$ = . <...>

-D$ 9 6$8 5 $M ; 8"( " M"'... '3" & N V ='&. O(- " S $ ' 9 ! &$58(94$5! 3$M( = $8 65 4(5" 4$, 3' '#' (B ' $&$4'5! &$?$6"E8 M(4$" ( Y$&$='6$. %"$ 58(94$5! 6 ' M( 6=(89 S 65 6'6$4$ 5(?9 '4![(""'Z. Y$&$='6 = 5 $4!"' 58' =(4 "$ "((.

-2&6'4! (, &6'4! (, - ='8'46 4$ '"$ "$ '"(A, , "$- #" 6W 5! 5 $8(B (, = "94$5! (=(? =$ ! ='&E. - <$-Z 6$8, =$5" Z 4 ?(4 Z?

-<=$5" Z, "( 54 W '8 ?'4!W Z. <...> O(" S $ 6E 9- " 4$ W(B = ?4 & 4$ 4 A' A6( ... R4$ ' 5 $-459 5 (( #'4'6E "$ 4(S ; ' $&$4$5! 89# $9 8$55$ S(="EV, ?4(5 9[ V, 54(# $ =$5 =( $""EV 6'4'5.

-R'5 'B (, 9 V'S '"ZV$ ! 5 6$8 , - ='8'46 4 Y$&$- ='6, "$#" 459 =( ' 'A(4'6$4 (( 6 =$5 =E E( # ?E.

%"$ 3='#" 4$, (=4$5! '?( 8 = $8 6 (#' #= 3!, "'(=4$5! 54$?', '" 8'# 6'&'?"'6 ! ='34 ! 56'B'A(4 B.

C V'B $W(4! =$&3$459 &$ 5 =("98 . O(" S $ 8#"'6("- "' ' '36 " 4$5! "$ 3= #'B '"(A 5 $8(B . R$6(4 R( - ='6 S ' $&$459, 54(# $ ' 4'" 459 , ='#'6'= 6 5 $-'Z- ' &4'?"'Z "E4'5 !Z: «>E &3(5!», - 3$4 459. <...> «:=(W"' 6$8, g6#(" B >$5 4! S», - W( " 4$ '"$V'39. 7( '33(4!"EB =( 54EW$459 6 (( W( ' (. Y$- &$='6 65 '8" 4 3= # Z "(3$6"ZZ 5A(" , 5'6(5 "' (8 5 $4', =(&= (4!"' 3'5$3"'. 7' '" ' S$5 M( 65 =9V- " 4 #'4'6'B, ='" S(5 '&3=$6 4 5(?9 «5 b'=8$4!- "E8 '5 4(" (8 6 5(4$3'"E» ' =$6 459 5(?( 6'8"$ ». ^$ (8 R$6(4 R( ='6 S 6E&E6$( Y$&$='6$ "$

162

3 N4! A(4 59 =98' 6 =' 6" $. Y$&$='6 «5 4 ([( =$& , "( A(495!, '3$6 4 = M " .

R$6(4 R( ='6 S 3='#" 4 54(# $ V6$ 459 = 'Z &$ 49M . C = B $ ='6 ' ( 4$ ' (#' ?(4E8 $" $4'"$8.

Y$&$='6 ?='5 4 5 '4( 6 5 '='" = ?4 & 459 56'(8 ='-

6" .

->E =$"("E? - ='8'46 4 '".

->E 8(4 =$6' '3'&6$ ! 8("9 ?$=!(= , - ='#'6'- = 4 R$6(4 R( ='6 S, - $ N ' 5 9 . R' 54'6 Z, $M-

3EB 8(( ([( ' '3"'8 6E5 =(4 .

-7 , &6 " (, N ' 3' 3= #'#' =$&$, - ' 6(S$4 Y$&$='6 '?V6$ 4 R$64$ R( ='6 S$, ' '=EB "$S "$4 ?4(3"( !. - D( (=! 9 M( "( 3 N4 5 , $ 3' '=, =(M3( 65(#' 3'4- M(" '58' =( ! 6$W =$" . <...>

->5( N ' 6&3'=... d "( " M3$Z5! " 6 S!(B '8'[ , -='8'46 4 5 =$55 $"'6 'B R$6(4 R( ='6 S: - ... "$3'...

' 9 !... - %" V' (4 ?E4' 3(=" ! 5(?9 &$ 5, "' = $ (#' '54$?(4$, #4$&$ &$ $ 4 5!, '" 4 W 459 S 65 6. <...> R$6(4 R( ='6 S 8(34(""' ' =E4 #4$&$. <...>

-a A$=$ " 5 ' '4! ' S(8-" ? 3! = V6$ !, 9 3'B3 3'8'B (W '8, $ "( ' 8'M"' 3='M &$ 8"'B= 54$ !. i N4!, (54 6$8 #'3"', "( 6'&'?"'649( 59. >E '5 4 ?4$#'='3"'... 5(#'3"9, 5(#'3"9, - &$8( !- (.

-% ='W4'8 65 '8 "$ ! "(&$S(8, - 6'&=$& 4 Y$&$='6, - $ S ' $5$( 59 3' ? 3 [(#', ' ' "(8 'M( "( 5 ' #'- 4'6 4'8$ !, ' '8 S ' 9 "$8(=(" "(8(34(""' 4 &- " !». 7$ 5$8'8 M( 3(4( Y$&$='6 '6(4 ?E 5(?9 ([( ?'- 4(( ?4$#'='3"', (54 ?E V4$3"' ='6"' =$&=93 4 4Z 6 6'&3 V '54( 6E5 =(4$ < =5$"'6$.

* * *

D =#("(6 =(3 = " 8$( (=6 Z ' E =$&3(4$ !59 5=' 6" '8, 5 =$ 6$9 =$'6'= 8(M3 R$64'8 R( ='-

163

6 S(8 O(" S 'B, $ &$ (8 - 8(M3 ?=$ !98 < =5$"'- 6E8 , '#3$ R$6(4 R( ='6 S '=M(5 6(""' ='5 7 '- 4$9 R( ='6 S$ M(" !59 "$ O(" S (. ^3(5! (5 ! ' ("' 8'=$4 & ='6$" 9, '8 M( "( 54 W '8 V 3'M(5 6("- "'#'. R$6(4 R( ='6 S =(W$( (V$ ! &$ #=$" A , 3 W$ (#' '8(= 6(4$. \E ([( 8 8'4( "' 65 =( 859 5 " 8 6 N 4'#(, "' 6 '?[(8 D =#("(6 5 " 8 =$5 ='[$459.

2 6' "$5 $4 8 # =$&3(4$ !59 5 (8'B 7 '4!5 '#'. \E(=("'5 859 6 7 '4!5 '(, #3( ;= $3 B <$ 9 5 39 6 (" 6E5' '#' 95("9. X93'8 5 " 8 - ?'=&$9 O b . ;6- '= =( =$5"' (=(3$( #= 56( ' (" : «C4$?EB 6( (=, W(6(49 6 4 5 !9V 95("9, V'"! ' 36 #$4 6&$3 6 (=(3' (8"'B 3'='M ( ' M(4 'B 5 "( O b ?4(3"'- &'4' E( 9 "$ 56( $; ='6"$9 ("! '?4 6$4$ ;= $3 9 <$ Z; '4! ' &=(3 $ 6 (( 6'4'5$V &$M #$4$5! 9= $9'4'5 $. %" 8'4S$4 '?$; "' 8(""' 6 '8, $ '" 8'4S$4 , $ '" 5 3(4 =93'8, 5 $&E6$4'5! 3'6(=S - 6'( 5?4 M(" (: $M3EB & " V $ ? 3 ' "( 3 8$4 ' 56'(8 5'5(3(, $ 6 $B"( =$3'6$459 (#' ?4 &'5 . 2 4 A$V &8(" 4 5! 5 (V '=, $ 8E V 6 3(4 6 '54(3" B =$&: ;= $3 B $&$459 5 ' 'B"((, <$ 9 'M 64(""((, 58(- 4(B». ;= $3 B '56'?'M3$( 59 ' 64 9" 9 Y$&$='6$. X$&- #'6'= #=$( S 5 ' =$ S(5 Z ='4!: '36'3 '# , 6E= 5'6E6$( ' '"S$ (4!"'( '4'M(" ( 3(4. <='8( '- #', $6 '= E $( 59 '?'&"$S ! =$&" A 8(M3 <$ (B ;""'B. >5( N ' S=(&6ES$B"' 54$?' 5 ' '&3$" (8. > ' 8 #, '#3$ ;= $3 B S ! ?E4' "( 3(4$( =(34'M(" (, '" 6"(&$ "' 3$49( 59 '9649( 59 ;""$ C(=#((6"$. 7$ 54(3 Z[(B 5 =$" A( '?c9649( 59 Y$&$='6.

D( (=! 8E 3'4M"E =$55 $ !59 5 ;""'B, <$ (B ;= $3 - (8. O "$4!"$9 5A("$ =' 5V'3 6 « '= (», 6 5$3 . >' 6=(89 54(3 Z[(#' =$'6'=$ 8(M3 ;= $3 (8 <$- (B 54EW"', $ $=$44(4!"' ?(5(3 Z Y$&$='6 5 ;"- "'B. \E 5 $ 4 5! 3' ='6"9 '8(3 "=$6'6. 2 6"'6! "$5 =(54(3 Z = (8 '354 W 6$" 9, = (8 $="'B 5 88( = = (8 '36(3(" 9 '#'6. ;= $3 B 6'&'?- "'649( V$M 6$" (, <$ 9 "( ' 6(=#$( (#'. ;""$ Y$&$='6 = V'39 6&$ 8"'8 5'#4$5 Z:

« - >' 6 3 ( 4 , - ='3'4M$4$ ;""$ C(=#((6"$: - 8E 5 6$8 'W ?4 5!; 8E '?$ M( "( (=6'B 8'4'3'5 , '5'-

164

?(""' 9; 8E 'M 4 , 5 $4 ; 8E '?$ - S(8 A(=(8'- " !59? - 8"E: 5"$S$4$ 8E &$ " (=(5'6$4 3= # 3= #$, 4Z?' E 5 6' ?E4' 6'&? M3("'... $ ' '8...

-; ' '8 9 6E3'V59, - '3V6$ 4 Y$&$='6.

->E &"$( (, S ' "( N ' ?E4' = S "'B "$W(B =$&8'46-. 7' $ ?E ' " ?E4', 8E "( " M3$4 5! 3= # 6 3= - #(, 6' #4$6"'(; 6 "$5 54 W '8 8"'#' ?E4'... $ ?E N ' 5 $&$ !... '3"'='3"'#'. \E N ' "( 5=$& '"94 . <...> g6#(" B >$5 4! S, 8E "( 64$5 "E... - "$S$4$ ?E4' ;""$ C(=#((6"$; "' 6( (= "$4( (4, &$W 8(4 4 5 $8 "(5 (( 54'6$.

->(3! 6E 56'?'3"E, - =' &"(5 "(8"'#' '#'39 Y$&$='6. Y'4!W( " S(#' "(4!&9 ?E4' =$&'?=$ !; W$# 3$4 - 4 5!... 65( &$ V4'». 7$ 54(3 Z[ B 3("! Y$&$='6 ?4$#'- 54'649( 56'(#' 8'4'3'#' 3= #$ ;= $3 9 (&M$( .

* * *

\E (=(V'3 8 4 SW(B =(3 '54(3"(B, 27-B #4$6( ='8$"$. Y$&$='6 6'&6=$[$( 59 6 ='3"'B 3'8 "$S "$( &$" 8$ !59 8(3 A "5 'B =$ 'B. D =#("(6 '3#' $6- 4 6$( (#' 58(= !. ^$ (8 "$5 $( =$&69& $. g6#(" B 5 =$W 6$( ' A$, «"( 4 "(#' $35 '#' $8"9?

- g5 !; "$ S ' (?(?

-7 M"'... =$" = M(S!.

-<'8 ?

-C(?(.

-<$ , 5(?(! ^$S(8 M( N '? <$ $9 N ' =$" $? :3( '"$?

->' , "$ $4!A(. d 5(#'3"9 (&3 4 6 3(=(6"Z, &"$- (W!, ' 3$ b'&"'#' 8 M $ = 6'& 4 . %" 'S(8 -

'65 =E6$ ! (#' 5'? =$4 5!, $ 9 3$6"' 6 N '8 "( - =$M"9459.

165

-7 ?

-7 , 6' 9 ' ='5 4 (&3"'#' 6=$S$; " , '=(&$459.

>$5 4 B 26$"'6 S 63= # '?4(3"(4 6(5! , " 54'6$ "( #'6'=9, ?='5 459 6 $? "( , ' 3$ ' S$5 M( 6(=" 459 55'S '8 $35 '#' $8"9 6 = (. Y$&$='6 V' (4 ?E4' 6&9 ! (#' B .

-X$3 5$8'#' Y'#$, - ='8'46 4 >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S, - '&6'4! 8"( N ' 53(4$ ! 5$8'8 .

Y$&$='6 58(V" 459.

- a 'B E 'V' " 3' =$ !

-7( W , 'M$4 B5 $. R' $M 56'B $4(A. X$" $- ' "( 6(4 $. 7( ?'4!"'?

-7$ =$B 5 4!"((, "( ?'B59. >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S '5 $"'6 459.

-<$ E '4$#$(W!, g6#(" B, "( 4 SW( 4 "$8 = M(S! M(4(&'8?

-a ' ?E =$"!W( "$3' 53(4$ !, $ ( (=!, '-"$5 '9[(8 ,$35 B $8("! "( " M(". g54 9 &$=$& 459, $ M (-(=! '&3"'.

-<$ ... '&3"'... - (36$ 8'# =' &"(5 >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S.

-g[( ?E! 5 (V '= S( E=( S$5$ ='W4' 5 4 W '8.

>$5 4 B 26$"'6 S ([( "(8"'#' = M(# =$" .

-i$ =$&6( (&3"'#' 4( $=9 "( ?E4' $35 '#' $8"9?

-7( ?E4'.

- <$ M( N ', Y'M( 8'B! >=$S - "( 8(( $ 'B "('?V'3 8'B 6([ !

- DE ?E '58' =(4 "$ (#' 4$"A( E, - ='8'46 4 Y$&$='6 6EW(4 6'"».

Y$&$='6 &$=$& 459 b'8. %" &$?'4(6$( , ' '8 (8 "(- "$3'4#' 5 $"'6 59 4 SW(, $ &$ (8 "$5 $( = & 5. R'5E4$Z &$ ;""'B C(=#((6"'B, '"$ = (&M$( ( "(8(A-8 3' '='8, ' '=EB #'6'= , S ' " $ 'B "$3(M3E "$ 6E&3'='64(" ( "( , '"$ = V'3 '5 (4 8 - =$Z[(#'.

166

« - 7 , 5 $5 ?', - '6 '= 4 Y$&$='6. - a ' '-A$=5 . :'6'=9 , A$= 'M( '5([$Z 8 =$Z[ V.

-g6#(" B >$5 4! S, 9 "$3(Z5!...

-aV, ;""$ C(=#(6"$, 5 $"(8 ( #'6'= ! =$63 . C' 8"'B'"S("'. R' $4 '3 '4(5'. 2 6EV'3 , S ' "(S(#' ?E4' 3 8$ ! ' ? 3 [(8. C $=$9 W $ 58(= !, $ $M3'8 6"'- 6(. i' 5 V '= "( = W ... $ $8 = 3( ?(5 $89 5 6', bZ !! (%" 54$?' 8$V" 4 = 'B.) 7 , S ' M 8"( 6$8 5 $- &$ !... j ' 9 4Z? 4 6$5? N ' =(M3( "( 8(4' " $ '#' 58E54$, $ ( (=! '3$6"'. @Z?'6! - b'=8$, $ 8'9 5'?5 - 6(""$9 b'=8$ M( =$&4$#$( 59. C $M 9 4 SW(, S ' $-$9 6E 54$6"$9! 2 ( (=! 6' 6E 5 ' (, $ $9 =$5 - 6$9... ;""$ C(=#((6"$ "(6'4!"' 5'3='#" 4$5!.

-7 S(#', "( =(6'M! (5!... 593! ( $8... 7( '3V'3 (' 8"(: 6(3! 8'9 ?'4(&"! &$=$& (4!"$9.

;""$ C(=#((6"$ ?E5 =' (=(W4$ '8"$ 5(4$ "$=(54' 6'&4( 3 6$"$, "$ ' '='8 4(M$4 Y$&$='6.

- >(4 '3 W"$9! - W( " 4 '". - %V, $ ?4 & ', $ $9 8'4'3$9, 56(M$9, S 5 $9!.. 6 N 'B #$3 'B '8"$ (!.. 7 ,='[$B (! M 6 ( 3'4#', N ' 4 SW( 65(#', '4!& B- (5!, ' $ 6=(89. >E '58' = (, S ' &$ ?(&'?=$&"'( &=(4 [(: S(=69 '4 =$&3$64(""EB, $ ([( ' '=[ 59. 2 6(3! 'M( 3 8$4: '?4'8$Z 3(4 8"'#', "( 8= , 3$! &$3$S$ (5 !, 6(3! 9 # #$" ! ; ( (=! 659 &$3$S$ # #$" $ -$ ?E 8(=( ! = 4 S"', V' 9 " '8 3' N '#' 3(4$ "( ... >5( =$6"': 6 49 ! V6'5 '8 "( 5 $" . <...>

Y$&$='6 '4'M 4 = "$ 4'?.

;""$ C(=#((6"$ "$ 4'" 4$5! "(8 .

- g6#(" B >$5 4! S, 9 &3(5!...

%" =$&'8 = "94 = = '3"9459.

- R='[$B (, - ='#'6'= 4 '" 5 6"(&$ "'Z 5 4'B, #4$&$ (#' ?4(5" 4 '54(3" 8 ?4(5 '8. - R='[$B (... R'54 - W$B (... 6(3! 9 6$5 "( 'A(4'6$4 '#3$... i "! ( "$8 =$Z[ Z 4$8 $3 , 5 ! '"$ '#$5"( ... ;""$ C(=- #((6"$ = 4'M 4$5! # ?$8 (#' 4? .

167

- 2 3'6'4!"'! - ='8'46 4 '" ' 5 459 "$ '3 W . - D( (=!... (8"' $... ;""$ C(=#((6"$ V' 6EW4$.

-j '? - 5 ='5 4 (( W( ' '8 >$5 4 B 26$"'6 S.

-%" &$5" 4, - ' 6(S$4$ '"$ S ! 54EW"'.

Y$&$='6 M( "( 5 M3("' ?E4' ='5E $ !59. < 6(S(= '" 6 $4 6 5'6(=W(""'( ?(5 $89 5 6'. <...> <'#3$ M( "$ '"(A '" 5 5 4 '54(3" B 6&3'V 6 3'8( '3"9- 4'5! 65('?[(( 5 ("$" (, >$5 4 (8 26$"'6 S(8 '? 94' 6"(&$ "'( 55 4(" (. «d #'6'= 4, S ' 9 6'&=' [ , - V= 4' = S$4 '", 5 E4$Z[ 8, (=( 'W(""E8 4 A'8,' =95$9 6 6'&3 V( 4$ '8, $ ?E #='&9 '8 - ': - 6'&=' [ , 6'&=' [ !» 7' ;= "$ >4$5!(6"$, 659 6 54(- &$V, '6 54$ "(#' "$ W((, '?$ 68(5 ( $4 " A. -

«D$ , - =$55 $&E6$4$ ' '8 6 4Z35 'B ;"b 5 W $: - =9- 3EW '8 '" = 4 56' #'4'6 , 54'6"' '6(S 6 '4- 3("!...» 7' '4 3(""EB &"'B ='V'3 , "$5 $( 6(S(="'S!, $ $8 6'&6=$[(" ( 6 V'( ?(M [(, #3( 54$3-' 5 59 &8 S(""E8 5 $4E8...»

** *

>N 4'#(, 6 28-B #4$6(, 65( M("9 59 ' 5 88( = S"'B 5V(8(. %?=$ ( 6" 8$" ( "$ S ! "$& 3$ (4!"EB Z8'= 5 S(5 B '". C 3!?$ 65( M( 6(=W 56'B 5 3, "''- =(M"(8 '3 = 58' ='8 D =#("(6$.

«;""$ C(=#((6"$ "(3$6"' 6EW4$ &$8 M, "( ' 4Z?6 , "'' ?(M3(" Z, &$ '3"'#' & ? 3 [ V = 55 V 3(9 (4(B, S(4'6( $ 'S("! 8"'#', &$ '"" $, 5 =( 8 =$ S(- 5 8 58E54'8, 6(=3'Z 6'4(B &$8(S$ (4!"E8 3$='8 54'6$ - S(4'6( $ ([( 8'4'3'#', 3'?='#' V'4'3"'#',$ 4(3. <...> < =5$"'6E, ' (A 5 5E"'8, '5(4 4 5! 6 \$=! "(. i(4$ V "$S "$Z ' =$649 !59. ;= $3 B 53(- 4$459 =!9"E8 V'&9 "'8, «b(=8$» M( = "'5 3'- 6'4!"' &"$S (4!"EB 3'V'3. 7 '4$B R( ='6 S ' $4 6 8 ='6E( '5=(3" = 3 59 &' 65(V 5 4... <...>

> i=(&3("( "$ Y=Z4(65 'B (==$5(, 8(M3 36 89 S(- E=!89 S$5$8 , 6 5$8'( b(W("(?(4!"'( 6=(89 349 ='-

168

# 4 , 6E 8'M( ( 65 =( ! S(4'6( $ 4( ' '4' 9 3(- 59 , M( 5'65(8 5(3'#' $ ?E 5 =$3$Z[(#' '3$#- ='B, "' ([( =$5 6'#', &9["' '3( '#' 5 (8 '5'?("- "E8 ' (S$ '8, ' '=EB 3$( 59 S(4'6( '3" 8 4 W! 3'4# 8 =(?E6$" (8 6 6E5W V 54'9V '?[(5 6$. a ' R$- 6(4 R( ='6 S. %" (V$4 & \'5 6E &$ #=$" A 349 '-=$64(" 9 &3'='6!9, '5 $459 "$ M (4!5 6' 6 i=(&3(- "(, #3( &"$( 59 ?'4!W( 5 $"#4 S$"$8 5 ='(&M 8 = 55 8 . <...>

2 < W "$ ' $4$ &$ #=$" A . <...> C $ 8 - ' 36 89- =(89 V 8 $8 , "( 8(Z[ 8 ' 4 S ! 54'='3$ ' $&' $, "' 5 '4"(""E8 ' = A$" 9 5$8' 6$M(" 9, 3$ 5 6(4 8 g4 5(6 S(8, C " '6, 'M( #' '69[ B59 ?E ! 6(4 8, '4S( 59 6 R( (=? =#( , ' (#' 6(=(" - 98, ='3'4M$( «3(4'» Y$&$='6$. <...>

g5 ! "(?'4!W'( 5(4!5 '( 4$3? [( 6 '3"'8 & ' 3$4("- "EV #'4 '6 X'55 . <$ 'S 65( "$W 4$3? [$, '"' 9649( 6 3 (S$4!"EB. <...> 7' 8(M3 " 8 (5 ! '3"$, 3' ' '='B "( $5$( 59 S(4'6( , ' '= Z "( ' S( M - 6' "'(: '3" AE 5$39 59 "$ "(( 'Z "$ &$=(. h(- 4(&"$9 '#=$3$ (( ' = M$( ; 36( 8'4'3E( (4 '5$M("E' '?' 8 (( '"A$8: g6#(" B Y$&$='6 'V'='"(" 6 N 'B 8'# 4(. < "(B, & "(3$4( 'B 3(=(6 W , S$5 ' = V'39 36$ M( 3=9V4E( 5 $= S $ - 8 M 5 M("'Z. R'33(=M 6$9 3= # 3= #$, 3 '" ' 9M(4(6W(Z 'V'3 'B; = ?4 - &9 59 '#=$3(, = $3 5 $" "$ '4(" , 3'4#', #'=! ' 4$S , 3'4#', 6" 8$ (4!"' 58' =9 "$ "(8'B$8("!, '3 ' '=E8 4(M V 5E"; '8("9Z 59 '=' -8 54'6'8, E4! 58$V" 5 $8"9 3$ 6( (4 ' =$- 69 , 5"'6$ 8'49 59, "( 8'# ' " ! N ' 8(5 ', ' -3$ 8 $ ? 3 ' ?4 M( 3' V 5E"$, 3' 6'5 '8 "$" B ' "(8...»

169

)

1821 - 1881

Y(4 "5 B 6 «R 5!8( :'#'4Z» (1847) 5$4: «...>E "( &$8( 4 , S ' X'55 9 6 3 56'( 5 $5(" ( "( 6 8 5 - A &8(, "( 6 $5 ( &8(, "( 6 N &8(, $ 6 5 (V$V A 6 - 4 &$A , ='56([(" 9, # 8$""'5 . g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

5"'#' =$6$, ' 8("(" ( (4(5"'#' "$ $&$" 9, 66(3(" (' 6'&8'M"'5 5 ='#'#' 6E '4"(" 9 V' 9 (V &$ '"'6,' '=E( M( (5 !. a ' S 65 6 ( 3$M( 5$8' =$6 (4!-

56' ( ' '='( V'='W' &"$( , S ' 3(4$Z '8([ 5' 56' 8 =(5 !9"$8 5 '4! ' '54(3" ( (M(#'3"' =(- M (=6EV), S ' 3' $&E6$( 59 (#' ='? 8 ?(5 4'3- "E8 '4 8(=$8 6 '4!& ?(4EV "(#='6...»

d 5 E E6$Z S 65 6' "( ' '='B "(4'6 '5 , #'6'=9 ' i'5 '(65 '8. > 56' V 4( A 9V 9 '?ES"' 58' =Z "$ 4 (- =$ = '3 (3 "5 6(""E8 " (=(5"E8 8"( #4'8, ' (5 !$ "$ 964(" ( 8 ='6'#' 5 55 6$ ='964(" ( 4 S"'- #' $4$" $. C N 'B 'S &=(" 9 i'5 '(65 B 5$ (4! "( 6(4 B, $ 3'6'4!"' '5=(35 6(""EB, 5' 65 EW $8 "( =(6&'B3(""'#' Z8'=$, ' '=E(, 6E, S(=(3 Z 59 5

170