9. Translate into English:

1. Бартер - це прямий обмін товарів чи послуг одне на одне.

2. Звичайно, бартер мав багато недоліків.

3. Гроші дають нам змогу встановлювати ціну товару.

4. Гроші - це засіб, що дає нам можливість робити обмін.

5. Прямий обмін товарами неможливий у розвинутому суспільстві.

6. Для того, щоб розвивалася торгівля, мають існувати гроші.

7. Монети виготовляють з різних металів.

8. Валюта - це певний тип грошей, що використовується в країні.

10. Read the following dialogues in pairs:

I. - I have a question about financial side, if you don't mind.

- The financial side?

- Yes, I wonder how I'll be paid, and when.

- Well, you'll be paid twice a month, on the second and the forth Friday.

- Will it be in cash?

- No, it's our usual practice to pay by check.

- I must admit I don't know much about checks, or banks for that matter. You see our banking system is quite different from yours. We seldom use checks at all, actually.

- Oh, you'll find it very easy to use our banking system. It saves you lots of trouble. I mean, you don't have to carry too much cash around.

II. - Hello! I'd like to change some money.

- Yes, sir! How many pounds do you have?

- I have 500 pounds, but I want to change only 400.

- Certainly, sir. Do you have your passport? Could you give it to me?

- Here you are. I want to change the pounds into dollars.

- How would you like it?

- I'd like to change in five pound notes.

- All right, sir. Please sign this form. Here is your passport and money.

- Thank you.

III. - I'd like to change these English pounds, please.

- O.K. How many pounds do you have?

- Fifty. What's the exchange rate?

- Just a minute, I'd check the today's rates.

- I'd like to change them in US dollars.

- Well, it's 2 for a pound.

- Thank you.

IV. - Good morning. I'd like to cash this check, please.

- What's the denomination, sir?

- It's one hundred pounds.

- Oh, you haven't signed it.

- I'm sorry.

- How would you like the money?

- Four twenties and two tens, please.

11. Read the text and be ready to speak about characteristics of money:

1. Uniformity. This means that equal denominations of money should have the same value. The National Bank of Ukraine, for example, the Federal Reserve System in the USA have the responsibility in their countries to assure that money is uniform. They are institutions, which issue paper currencies. It doesn't matter if the 1$ bill that I have in my pocket is crisp and new or whether it is tattered and soiled.

2. Stability. The value of money should be more or less the same today as tomorrow. In societies where the value of money fluctuates the economy is badly affected.

3. Durability. It refers to the lasting quality of money. For example, apples may be used as a medium of exchange in a barter economy, but they cannot be considered money because they are not durable. Even if the apples are not eaten, they will eventually spoil and become worthless. For this reason most countries use a very high quality paper for their money.

4. Portability. Modern money has to be small enough and light enough for people to carry. Money must be easily transferred from buyer to seller. Some of the early forms of exchange such as gold and salt were heavy and bulky. They were not a practical form of money.

5. Divisibility. It is a necessary characteristic of money and the principle advantage over barter. In other words, to make change for banknote is easier than to make change for a cow.

6. Recognisability. Money should be easily recognized for what it is and hard to copy.