5. A) Issuance instructions procedure relating to going around again.

The Air Traffic Controller gives the aircraft instruction to go around when

• the runway is blocked;

• the minimum separation between the aircraft is not maintained;

• weather conditions are below pilot’s minima;

• meteorological situation at the airport is not favourable.

If the pilot does not observe the runway, or he can not perform landing because of some technical problems (for example, the landing gear is not extended) he can perform a ‘go around’ procedure. In this case the Tower controller issues the instruction to climb to the aerodrome traffic circuit altitude and to contact Approach Control.

Example:

C: ABC 127. Go around due blocked runway. Climb to altitude 3000 feet. Contact Approach 123.7.

b) What is the role of an ATCO in case of medical emergencies?

In case of a medical emergency, an ATCO should ask pilots whether they wish to declare an emergency.

Flight crew incapacitation may normally result in an automatic landing. An ATCO should use the phrase "life-threatening" to clarify the situation. If there are critically ill passengers on board, it may result in emergency descent. And controllers are responsible for alerting the appropriate medical services and providing necessary equipment like stretchers, wheelchair.

6. A)Procedure for providing other types of clearance on landing.

When it is necessary to expedite traffic, the landing aircraft may be requested to:

- hold short of the intersecting runway after landing;

- land beyond the touchdown area of the runway;

- vacate the runway at the specified exit taxiway;

- expedite vacating the runway.

If the pilot-in-command considers that he/she is unable to comply with the requested operation/instruction, the controller shall be advised without delay.

b) What landing systems and types of approach do you know?

Landing system: an aircraft can make landing using different landing systems such as: 1) VFR landing,

2) IFR landing.

Type of approach:

a) ILS;

b) MLS;

c) NDB;

d) Precision Radar;

e) VOR DME;

f) Surveillance Radar.

7. A) Issuance clearance procedure for landing.

The clearance for landing is issued when:

1. There is no obstructions on RW;

2. Separation between arriving aircraft is maintained;

3. There is no traffic on final approach.

Clearance to land should normally be passed to the aircraft before it reaches a distance of 4 km from touchdown. To reduce the potential for misunderstanding, the landing clearance shall include the designator of the landing runway.

b) How should an ATCO assist a crew in of hijacking?

Whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft is suspected, and where automatic distinct display of SSR Mode A Code 7500 and Code 7700 is not provided, the radar controller shall attempt to verify any suspicion by setting the SSR decoder to Mode A Code 7500 and thereafter to Code 7700.

Whenever unlawful interference with an aircraft is known or suspected or a bomb threat warning has been received, ATS unit shall promptly attend to requests and anticipated needs of the aircraft.

ATS units shall also:

a) transmit, and continue to transmit, information pertinent to the safe conduct of the flight, without expecting a reply from the aircraft;

b) monitor and plot the progress of the flight with the means available, and coordinate, transfer of control with adjacent ATS units without requiring transmissions or other responses from the aircraft;

c) inform, and continue to keep informed, appropriate ATS units;

d) notify the operator; the appropriate rescue coordination centre in accordance with appropriate alerting procedures; the designated security authority;

e) relay appropriate messages, relating to the circumstances associated with the unlawful interference, between the aircraft and designated authorities.

The ATS unit in communication with the aircraft shall ascertain the intention of the flight crew and report those intentions the other ATS units.

The aircraft shall be handled in the most expeditious manner to ensure the safety of ground installations.

Aircraft in flight shall be given reclearance to a requested new destination without delay. Any request by the flight crew to climb or descend shall be approved as soon as possible.

An aircraft on the ground should be advised to remain as far away from other aircraft and installations as possible and if appropriate, to vacate the runway.

An aircraft known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference or which for other reason needs isolation from normal aerodrome activities shall be cleared to the designated isolated parking position. Where such an isolated parking position has not been designated, or if the designated position is not available, the aircraft shall be cleared to a position within the area or areas selected by prior agreement with the aerodrome authority. The taxi clearance shall specify the taxi route to be followed to the parking position. The route shall be selected with a view to minimizing any security risks to the public, other aircraft, and installations at the aerodrome.