VIII. Compare Russian and American holidays. Do we have common holidays?

IX. Prepare written reports on the following topics

• American food

• American holidays

• Sport in the USA

• The USA government

Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense

Настоящее совершенное время употребляется:

• Для выражения действия, завершившегося к моменту речи (преднастоящее):

EX: I have seen this girl before.

Я уже ранее видел эту девушку.

• Для выражения действия, которое завершилось, но тот период, в которое оно происходило, еще продолжается, и может быть обозначен обстоятельством времени today - сегодня, this week - на этой неделе, this month - в этом месяце:

EX: I have seen this movie twice this week.

Я дважды видел этот фильм на этой неделе.

The Present Perfect Tense может употребляться с наречиями, обозначающими частотность действия: always - всегда, often - часто, ever - когда-нибудь, never - никогда, и т.д.

Образование The Present Perfect Tense

to have + Participle II

Для построения вопросительной и отрицательной формы используется вспомогательный глагол to have:

EX: I have done this before.

Have I done this before?

I have not (haven’t) done this before. Exercises

EXERCISE 1. Give your examples with the use of The Present Perfect Tense (10 – 15 sentences)

EXERCISE 2. Read and translate

1.I have already done my work. 2. We have already written our term papers. 3. They have come back today. 4. My father has just left for his native town. 5. I have just got this letter. 6. We have never been to England. 7. He has not finished his work yet. 8. Sorry, I have forgotten to bring you the book. 9. My mother has not come yet. 10. She has not watched TV since Sunday. 11. I have got something interesting to tell you.

EXERCISE 3. Insert has or have

1.As for me I … already had coffee. 2. What … you cooked for dinner, Mum? 3. … you had a shower yet? 4. We … already practiced this text at the laboratory. 5. What are you going to do? I am going to sew the button on your jacket. – Thank you. I … just done it myself. 6. … Mary left for Japan? 7. I’m sorry I’m late. It … taken me too long to get there. 8. What kind of mistakes … Mary made in her dictation? 9. You … corrected all the mistakes in yesterday’s homework, haven’t you? Yes, I … .

EXERCISE 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect

1.Where is Nick? – He just (go) out. 2. Don’t worry about the letter. I already (post) it. 3. I don’t know this man. I never (meet) him. 4. Let’s go to the cinema. “War and Peace” is on. – I already (see) it. 5. I know Kursk perfectly well. I (be) there several times. 6. Where is the key? – I (put) it on the table. 7. Do you know where he lives? – No, he recently (move) to a new flat. I (not be) there yet.

EXERCISE 5. Make the sentences interrogative, negative and interrogative- negative

1.You have read the book. 2. She has met her colleagues today. 3. They have gone to the tennis court. 4. You have returned the book to him. 5. The friends have accepted the invitation. 6. They have been to Britain twice. 7. He has finished eating. 8. They have lived here for twenty years. 9. Lucy has taken a cold shower.

EXERCISE 6. Complete the following sentences with the given alternatives using since or for

1. I haven’t seen you … . a) May; b) three years. 2. We have been here … . a) an hour and a half; b) January. 3. She hasn’t spoken to me … . a) more than two weeks; b) last week. 4. They have lived in this street … . a) 1998; b) a long time. 5. I haven’t bought new magazines … . a) a month; b) last September. 6. Nobody has written to me … . a) many weeks; b) my birthday. 7. I’ve asked you to come and see us … . a) over a month; b) the beginning of the year. 8. The boy hasn’t ridden a bicycle … . a) ages; b) his childhood.

EXERCISE 7. Insert already, ever, just, yet into the appropriate sentences

1.Have you … been to South Africa? 2. Shall I pay the waiter? – No, I’ve … paid the bill. 3. Have you … spoken to a famous person? 4. Ann, lay the table. I’ve … cooked dinner. 5. They don’t know what the problem is. They have … arrived. 6. Is it a good film? – Yes, it’s the best I have … seen. 7. The post hasn’t come … . 8. She has … explained the situation to me. 9. He hasn’t invited me to the party … . 10. Nobody has found the city of Atlantis … .

EXERCISE 8. Open the brackets using the Past Simple or Present Perfect

1. I (to meet) several of my group-mates today. I (to meet) them in the street on my way to school. 2. Several weeks ago my uncle (to build) a new house in the country. We (to visit) it recently and (to enjoy) ourselves greatly. 3. Andrew (to forget) to close the window when he (to leave) the house. 4. Mike (to write) several letters within this week. 5. “Where Tom (to go)? I don’t see him here”. – “He (to go) home five minutes ago.”

EXERCISE 9. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Past Simple or Present Perfect.

1. The sun (not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute. 2.I (to see) you walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 3.I (not to read) the newspaper today. 4. It is very late, and trams (to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 5. How many times you (to be) to St. Petersburg? 6. At last I (to trans­late) this article: now I shall have a little rest. 7. We (to go) to the country yesterday, but the rain (to spoil) all the pleasure. 8. My watch was going in the morning, but now it (to stop). 9. The lecture (not yet to begin) and the stu­dents are talking in the classroom. 10. She just (to go) out. 11. She (to leave) the room a moment ago. 12. We (not yet to solve) the problem. 13. When it all (to happen)? 14. The morning was cold and rainy, but since 10 o'clock the weather (to change) and now the sun is shining brightly. 15. Show me the dress which you (to make). 16. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud (to cover) the sky. 17. Oh, close the window! Look, all my papers (to fall) on the floor because of the wind. 18. When you (to open) the window? I (to open) it ten minutes ago.

EXERCISE 10. Translate the following sentences using the Present Perfect, Present Continuous or Present Simple

1. Надень пальто и шапку. На улице холодно. 2. Сегодня на обед придет Майкл. – Я давно его не видел. Он очень изменился? – Не очень. 3. Ты что-нибудь слышишь? – Нет, я ничего не слышу. 4. Сегодня мы играем в теннис. 5. Они уже уехали? – Нет, они уезжают трехчасовым поездом. 6. Ты ходил в кино на этой неделе? – Нет, я очень занят в последнее время? 7. По дороге на работу я обычно встречаю этого человека.

EXERCISE 11. Find the mistakes and correct them.

1.She has been a teacher since three years. 2. Helen isn’t here. She is gone to the cinema. 3. He has already came home. 4. Have you been ever to Paris? 5. Has you ever been toLondon? 6. Peter has been here since 5 days. 7. I have study English since 2000. 8. How long have you have your car? – I have it since Christmas. 9. Have you finish eating? – I haven’t even started already. 10. Jack has just finish his work, so his books are still on the table.

EXERCISE 12. Translate into English.

1. Я никогда не был в этом театре. 2. Мы только что говорили с ним об этом. 3. Он только что ушел. 4. Собрание только что началось. 5. Моя сестра еще не пришла. 6. Мы уже просмотрели газеты. 7. В этом семестре она не болела. 8. Я уже показала ему дорогу на станцию. 9. Я не был в кино с сентября. 10. Извините, я забыл Вашу фамилию. 11. Мы не видели его в последнее время. 12. На этой неделе он не посещал занятий. 13. За последнее время она перевела несколько статей по архитектуре на английский язык. 14. Мы еще не обсудили этого вопроса. 15. Эти часы всегда хорошо ходили.