- •Introduction
- •Chapter 1 Occupational safety and health legislation
- •1.1. Legislation of occupational safety
- •1.1.1. Occupational safety law
- •1.1.2. Protection of women labor
- •1.1.3. Protection of underage labor
- •1.1.4. Occupational safety financing
- •1.1.5. State standard acts of occupational safety
- •1.1.6. Standard acts of occupational safety in enterprise
- •1.1.7. General duty of care and responsibilities
- •1.1.8. International cooperation in occupational safety
- •1.2. State management of occupational safety
- •1.2.1. Bodies of state management of occupational safety
- •1.2.2. Occupational safety management system
- •1.3. Occupational safety training
- •1.3.1. Occupational safety training
- •1.3.2. Occupational safety instruction. Types of instruction.
- •1.4. State and common supervision of occupational safety
- •1.4.1. State supervision
- •1.4.2. Public supervision of occupational safety
- •1.5. Principles of accident prevention
- •1.5.1. Accident investigation and recording
- •1.5.2. Occupational disease investigation
- •1.5.3. Accident auditing
- •1.5.4. Accident analysis
- •1.5.5. Risk management
- •1.5.5.1. Hazard identification
- •Inspection worksheet
- •1.5.5.2. Risk assessment
- •1.5.5.3. Risk control
- •Chapter 2 Occupational sanitation and hygiene
- •2.1. Work area microclimate
- •2.1.1. Biological effect of microclimate parameters
- •2.1.2. Meteorological standard
- •2.2. Airborne contamination
- •2.2.1. Biological effect of airborne contaminants
- •2.2.2. Airborne contaminant exposure standard
- •2.3. Ventilation systems
- •2.3.1. Natural ventilation
- •2.3.2. Mechanical ventilation
- •2.3.3. Ventilation system requirements
- •2.4. Heating systems
- •2.5. Illumination of work areas
- •2.5.1. Biological effect and technical characteristics
- •2.5.2. Requirements to work area illumination
- •2.5.3. Types of work area illumination
- •2.5.4. Natural illumination
- •2.5.5. Artificial illumination
- •2.5.6. Artificial illumination standard.
- •2.5.7. Artificial illumination prediction methods
- •2.6. Protection from noise and vibration
- •2.6.1. Noise physical characteristics
- •2.6.2. Noise exposure standard
- •2.6.3. Noise control
- •2.6.4. Infra sound
- •2.6.5. Ultra sound
- •2.6.6. Vibration exposure
- •2.6.7. Vibration control
- •Chapter 3 Electrical safety
- •3.1. Biological effect
- •3.2. Types of electric injury
- •3.3. Why electric injury can be fatal
- •3.4. Basic factors resulting in electric injury
- •3.5. Causes of electric injuries
- •3.6. Assessing risk associated with operating power facity
- •3.6.1. Danger in one-phase power line.
- •3.6.2. Danger in three-phase power line with insulated neutral.
- •3.6.3. Danger in three-phase power line with grounded neutral.
- •3.7. Systems of electric injuries prevention
- •3.7.1. Technical protective systems applied for power facilities in normal operation.
- •3.7.2. Technical protective systems applied for power facilities in emergency operation.
- •3.8. Electro-protective equipment
- •3.9. First aid on electric injury
- •Chapter 4 Occupational safety regulations
- •4.1. Protection from atmospheric electricity. Lightning-proof category and zone type
- •4.1.1. Lightning-proof installation
- •4.2. Fire safety systems
- •4.2.1. Fire safety
- •4.2.2. Automatic fire detectors installing.
- •4.3. Safety rules for computer operators
- •4.3.1. Visual overloading.
- •4.3.2. Overexertion of skeletal-muscle system.
- •4.3.3. Skin irritation.
- •4.3.4. Central nervous system lesion.
- •4.3.5. Effecting on reproductive function.
- •4.4. Workplace aesthetic.
- •4.5. Occupational safety standards for computer workplace
- •4.6. Prophylaxis of occupational disease
- •4.6.1. Medical examination
- •4.6.2. Nutrition
- •4.6.3. Psychological relaxation
1.4.2. Public supervision of occupational safety
Public supervision of occupational safety is duty of fellowship representatives, trade union representatives (art. 46 of OS law of Ukraine).
Fellowship institute to supervise occupational safety is to be arranged in every enterprise irrespective to law of ownership and activity, and quantity of personality. Members of institute are experienced and active employees elected from enterprise or workshop. During one month after election representatives should be trained on occupational safety. Training is fully paid by director.
OS representatives conduct supervision of:
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compliance with legislation and standard acts of occupational safety;
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providing instruction and standards of occupational safety to employees within the enterprise;
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investigation, recording and auditing of accidents;
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using funds of occupational safety.
OS representatives have the following rights:
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free admission and inspection of occupational safety and hygiene at the whole enterprise or its units;
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record in the registration book propositions obligate for director to eliminate found noncompliance with OS standards;
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require site-manger to shut work at hazardous workplace;
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posing responsibility to employee who doesn’t follow OS standards acts.
The general duty of care of trade union representatives is protection of employees’ interests in sphere of occupational safety. They are involved into the following activities:
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working out national, branch and regional programs aimed at improving occupational safety, hygiene and working environment;
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working out state general and branch act of occupational safety;
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working out together with director or owner measures to reach occupational safety standards;
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accident investigation;
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proposing and approving with fellowship the order and amount of one-time financial support to employees who suffered of accident;
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working out propositions on occupational safety to be submitted for collective bargaining contract;
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organizing social insurance;
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work of commissions on occupational safety for assessing officials’ knowledge of OS standards.
In accordance to OS law of Ukraine OS supervision is duty of trade union committee, its commission on occupational safety, workshop committees and public OS inspectors.
1.5. Principles of accident prevention
An accident can be defined as an unplanned event or happening. That is, an accident is something unexpected, not predictable, foreseen or intended. An extension of this theme is that an accident is an outcome of an event that is not desired. Accidents do not just "happen" they are caused. An unsafe act and / or unsafe condition cause the accident event; resulting in interruption to work activities, damage to property or injury to a person.
Every accident has one or more identifiable causes. The employer is responsible for ensuring a safe system of work is in place and therefore must take action to prevent accidents from occurring or recurring.
For some, this concept still causes difficulty. The term "accident" suggests that an event occurred itself, with some degree of chance and it implies no blame or responsibility. Some people associate or equate an accident with injury or damage, when on many occasions accidents do not result in injury or damage. These events are often termed "near misses".
Determining where, why and how accidents occur is fundamental to understanding the causation and implementing preventive measures. Once the circumstances and causes have been identified, effective measures can be taken to prevent similar occurrences.