10.1 Types of Walls

1 Explain how the following words are connected with “walls”:

Internal, external, load-bearing, non-load-bearing, cladding, separation,sound insulation.

2 Match information to the pictures:

1. It is a series of stone and earthen fortifications built originally to protect the northern borders of the Empire.All the walls measure 8,851.8 km. This is made up of 6,259.6 km sections of actual wall, 359.7 km of trenches and 2,232.5 km of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.
2. Known also as the Western Wall, it is located in the Old City of Jerusalem at the foot of the western side of the Temple Mount. It has been a site for Jewish prayer and pilgrimage for centuries.
3. It is a defensive wall that surrounds the Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156.
4. It was a barrier constructed in 1961 that completely separated the country. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The fall of the Wall paved the way for country reunification, which was formally concluded on 3 October 1990.
5. The wall is in Prague, Czech Republic. Once a normal wall, since the 1980s it has been filled with graffiti and pieces of lyrics from Beatles songs. Today, the wall represents a symbol of youth ideals such as love and peace.
6.It was a defensive wall first built by the Romans around Londinium, their strategically important port town on the River Thames. Until the later Middle Ages the wall defined the boundaries of the City. Today all that remains of the wall are a few fragments, some of which can be seen in the grounds of the Museum of London, in the Barbican Estate and around Tower Hill.
a) The Kremlin Wall	b) The Great Wall of China	c) The Berlin Wall
d) The Lennon Wall	e) London Wall	f) The Wailing Wall

3 Discuss the following:

• Write a paraphrase. • Say whether you agree or not, and why.

4A) Transcribe the following words:

areas, characteristics, strength, thermal, durability, domestic, corrugated, insulation, reasonable, majority.

b) In what context do you think the following words and phrases will appear in the text?

•enclose and separate•external and internal •weather resistance •thermal properties•fire-resistance•load-bearing/ non-load-bearing •domestic•cladding sheets•separation •sound insulation