Menarini

The Menarini Group is an Italian pharmaceutical company. It was founded in Naples, Italy, in 1886, and has three divisions: Menarini Ricerche, Menarini Biotech and Menarini Diagnostics. It is committed to the search for pharmacological solutions for such therapeutic areas as cardiovascular diseases, oncology, pain/inflammation, asthma and anti-infectives. Menarini's research activities are carried out through Menarini Ricerche, which deals with all R&D activities, from the creation of new projects up to the drug registration. Its Menarini Biotech follows the creation of a biotechnological drug from the very early stages of research, through to the pilot scale and up to industrial production. The Group's Menarini Diagnostics division is a health care company with a world wide network of affiliates partners and distributors focused on diabetes, haematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, and immunology.

Merck serono

Merck Serono (EMD Serono in the United States and Canada) is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.[l] In September 2006, Merck KGaA announced its intent to purchase the majority of Serono shares from Ernesto Bertarelli and the Bertarelli family. The Merck-Serono merger was announced on September 21, 2006. Merck KGaA and Serono operated as distinct entities until at least January 2007. As of January 5, 2007, Merck held the majority shares of Serono. The new company is called Merck Serono International S.A. Merck KGaA is a completely separate company from the US company Merck & Co.. Therefore, in the US & Canada, Merck Serono is known as EMD Serono, Inc. Drugs they market include Erbitux, UFT, Rebif, Novantrone, Gonal, Ovidrel/Ovitrelle, Zorbtive, Luveris, Saizen, Serostim, Glucophage, Concor, Euthyrox and Raptiva

In addition to internal research and development activities Merck Serono is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners. One example in the area of non-clinical safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox. The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative of EFPIA and the European Commission.

Факультет высшего сестринского образования definition and aims of nursing

Most people who have received nursing care know through experience that nursing contributes something to their health care, which is qualitatively different from the contributions of other health care workers and social workers.

Although there is no universal definition of nursing, the description of the unique function of the nurse, provided by Virginia Henderson, is often seen as coming closest to such a definition and has been recognized by the International Council of Nurses^A:

«The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death)^B that they would perform unaided^C if they had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help them gain independence as rapidly as possible.»

The aims of nursing include many, which are shared by other health care workers^D. These are the aims of nursing:

• Helping individuals, families and groups to determine and achieve physical, mental and social health and well-being within the context of their social and ecological environments

• Promoting and maintaining positive health

• Maximizing people's potential for self-care

• Preventing ill health

• Relieving or minimizing the negative effects of ill health and disease

• Meeting people's needs for physical, emotional and social care in ill-health, disability and death.

Notes:

^A International Council of Nurses — Международный Совет медсестер

^B peaceful death — мирная, спокойная смерть

^С unaided — без посторонней помощи

^D which are shared by other health care workers — зд.: которые свойственны и другим работникам здравоохранения