- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •4602000000
- •Contents
- •Часть I
- •Раздел 2
- •Лексические вопросы перевода
- •Тема №1: Особенности научно-технического стиля.
- •Установление значения слова
- •Тема № 2: Интернациональные слова и «ложные друзья» переводчика
- •Тема № 3: Многофункциональные слова
- •Тема № 4: Понятие о неологизмах
- •Тема № 5: Передача имен собственных и названий (транскрипция, транслитерация, перевод)
- •Тема № 6: Перевод словосочетаний
- •(Свободные словосочетания и фразеологизмы)
- •Свободные словосочетания
- •В свободных словосочетаниях слова сохраняют свои значения, поэтому при переводе таких словосочетаний важно знать перевод составляющих их компонентов.
- •Тема № 7: Лексические трансформации при переводе
- •Раздел 3 грамматические вопросы перевода Тема № 8: Перевод страдательного залога
- •Формы глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Способы перевода форм глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Тема № 9: Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Тема № 10: Перевод инфинитивных оборотов
- •Объектный инфинитивный оборот
- •Субъектный инфинитивный оборот
- •Тема № 11: Причастие (The Participle)
- •Функции причастия I и причастия II в предложении и способы их перевода
- •Тема № 12: Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Сложный герундиальный оборот (The Complex Gerundial Construction)
- •Тема № 13: Перевод модальных глаголов
- •1) Упорное нежелание:
- •Тема №14: Сослагательное наклонение
- •Перевод форм сослагательного наклонения Синтетические формы
- •Тема № 15: Перевод эмфатических конструкций
- •Часть II
- •1. B. Make up English-Russian pairs of the word groups equivalent in meaning.
- •2. In the sentences below recognize the words that are semantically similar and give their Russian equivalents.
- •К теме № 2: Интернациональные слова и «ложные друзья» переводчика
- •К теме № 3: Многофункциональные слова
- •3. Identify the function of one and give Russian equivalents of the italicized words:
- •4. Identify the function of this (these) and give Russian equivalents of the italicized words:
- •5. Identify the function of that (those) and give Russian equivalents of the italicized words:
- •К теме № 4: Перевод неологизмов
- •1. Translate the following sentences with new words into Russian, try to identify the type of their formation if necessary consult the Dictionary of New English Words:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following new words:
- •К теме № 5: Передача имен собственных и названий
- •1. Write down in Russian the English names according to transcription and transliteration rules:
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •К теме № 6: Перевод словосочетаний (Свободные словосочетания и фразеологизмы)
- •1. Translate the following free word groups into Russian:
- •2. Translate the following phraseological units into Russian:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents of the n'. . . N". . . N" groups and the hyphenated word groups:
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •5. Give Russian equivalents of the V-Adv. Groups:
- •К теме № 7: Лексические трансформации при переводе
- •1. Translate the following sentences applying different lexical transphormations into Russian:
- •Раздел 2 грамматические вопросы перевода к теме № 8: Перевод страдательного залога
- •1. Identify the passive structures and the logical predicates, translate the sentences into Russian as shown in the following example:
- •2. Identify passive structures and give Russian equivalents of the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •К теме № 9: Инфинитив
- •1. Translate the sentences with Infinitives into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •К теме № 10: Инфинитивные обороты
- •1. Translate the sentences with Infinitive Constructions into Russian:
- •2. Render in English:
- •3. A. Learn to distinguish between indefinite and perfect infinitives. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •5. Translate the following into English:
- •К теме № 11: Причастие
- •1. Read the text and tell which forms of the Participle are used there:
- •2. Analyze the sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Participles and Absolute Participle Construction into Russian:
- •К теме № 12: Герундий
- •1. Translate the sentences with Gerunds and Gerund Construction into Russian:
- •2. Determine the form of Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •3. Translate the sentences with Gerund into Russian paying attention to its different forms:
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •К теме № 13: Модальные глаголы
- •1. Translate the sentences with Modal Verbs into Russian:
- •2. Read the beginning of the sentences, and translate them into Russian choosing the proper Russian equivalents of the modal verbs from the list below:
- •3. Choose the proper Russian equivalents of modal verbs with negation from the list below:
- •5. Read the text. Substitute the proper English modal verbs for the Russian words in brackets:
- •6. Grammar in proverbs. Translate these sentences into Russian and suggest Russian sayings of similar meaning:
- •К теме № 14: Сослагательное наклонение
- •1. Translate the sentences with Subjunctive Mood into Russian:
- •2. Translate the sentences with if-clauses into Russian:
- •3. Analyze the following sentences and say which meaning they express (possible actions in future, unreal actions at present and in future):
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •К теме № 15: Перевод эмфатических конструкций
- •1. Translate the sentences with Emphatic Constructions into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •3. Remember a few word groups which can be regarded as reduced adverbial clauses:
- •4. Identify the structures and give Russian equivalents of the sentence:
- •Overall Revision
- •1. Grammar in proverbs. Identify the structures according to all the Patterns studied, translate them into Russian and suggest Russian sayings of similar meaning:
- •2. Identify the structures according to all the Patterns studied and give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents of the following (use explanations as a guide):
- •4. Make up English-Russian pairs of the word groups equivalents in meaning:
- •5. Give Russian equivalents of the n'. . . N". . . N groups and of the hyphenated word groups:
- •6. Give Russian equivalents of the following word groups:
- •7. From the list below choose the English equivalents of the italicized Russian phrases:
- •Часть III
- •Reading practice
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •Introduction
- •Science and technology
- •Text 5. What science is
- •II. Look through the text concentrating on the beginning and the end of each paragraph, and write an outline, either in Russian or in English (time limit — 10 min.):
- •III. Paragraph Study.
- •Scientific attitude
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •Science in russia
- •Научная конференция
- •Руководитель (конференции, заседания, совещания)
- •Публичное выступление (доклад, лекция, сообщение)
- •Bibliography
- •Фролова Вера Петровна, кожанова Лариса Владимировна основы теории и практики научно-технического перевода и научного общения
- •394000 Воронеж, пр. Революции, 19
5. Give Russian equivalents of the V-Adv. Groups:
1. All mistakes in your calculations will be immediately pointed out. 2. Every new idea is taken up and developed further. 3. It is not clear now how a solution to the problem can be worked out. 4. It is no easy matter to trace back the origin of this conception. 5. Not all measurements and readings push science forward. 6. The idea was put forward a few years ago.
К теме № 7: Лексические трансформации при переводе
1. Translate the following sentences applying different lexical transphormations into Russian:
1. They also have committed themselves to reforming the costly agricultural policy.
2. The EU newcomers must attract a new wave of foreign direct investment to remain competitive.
3. Decision-making in Brussels, already slow and complex, will be more difficult with 25 members at the table.
4. The one-minute shock was over, and all returned to their duties.
5. That's a 25% jump over the year-earlier period.
6. The models of development are now struggling.
7. A year or two ago, the bank would have granted a loan without a second thought.
8. Most of the company's output is sold domestically.
9. All of the company's offices around the world are staffed with locals.
10. Two dozen countries that kiss the Caribbean Sea seem to be a dream.
11. When it comes to the environment, big American companies like to appear green.
12. The UN Center for Economic and Social Information in Geneva publishes "Development Forum Business Edition", a biweekly newspaper.
13. Actually the decision had been taken hours before the Intel news went public.
14. It'll be a good thing if they are able to stabilize the situation.
Раздел 2 грамматические вопросы перевода к теме № 8: Перевод страдательного залога
1. Identify the passive structures and the logical predicates, translate the sentences into Russian as shown in the following example:
E x a m p l e: More evidence was obtained to support the idea.
”Evidence was obtained" is the passive structure, “more evidence. . . to support the idea" is the logical predicate. Были получены новые данные в поддержку этой идеи.
The problem was first recognized in the XIX century. Later an idea was suggested to apply it to practical things. Many possibilities for practical applications were analyzed. Some of these were tested by experiment. The experimental results were not generally accepted, and the idea was discarded. Then other consequences were deduced and a new model proposed. Recently the model has been modified and is now being used in many practical situations.
2. Identify passive structures and give Russian equivalents of the following sentences:
A. 1. Some people are easily influenced by other people's opinions. 2. The distribution of plants is greatly affected by local conditions. 3. The seminar was attended by all the participants. 4. His lectures are always followed by heated discussions. 5. In several areas of research the efforts of scientists are joined by those of philosophers and sociologists. 6. At the university students are offered a curriculum of study which is followed by a test and the award of a degree. 7. The members of the laboratory were consulted prior to this successful operation.
B. 1. This method has been referred to in an earlier paper. 2. I do not think this instrument can be relied upon. 3. The data cannot be аccounted for by the existing theory. 4. This theory has been referred to as the “big bang” theory. 5. The best treatment of this syndrome is generally agreed upon. 6. Rapid development of chemical technology has been called for by the needs of the national economy. 7. The prolongation of life may be thought of as a feat of endurance rather than a race against time.
3. Give English equivalents of the italicized part of the sentences, using passive structures and the verbs: to affect, to allow, to attend, to develop, to deal with, to face, to follow, to make use of, to refer to:
1. За докладом последовала бурная дискуссия. 2. На скорость реакции влияет множество других факторов. 3. Этот вопрос будет подробно рассмотрен в главе III 4. На этой стадии мы столкнулись с новыми трудностями. 5. Ему не дали возможности закончить эту работу. 6. В последнее время эта теория часто упоминается во многих статьях. 7. Семинар, на котором присутствовало всего 5 человек, прошел вяло и неинтересно. 8. Для того чтобы преодолеть эти недостатки, использовали новую методику, специально разработанную для данного эксперимента.