2.1.1.2. Noun – prefixes

re- - reconstruction, rebuilding

co- - cooperation, coexistence

dis- - disadvantage, discomfort, distaste

in- - inaccuracy, independence

im- - impossibility, impatience

il- - illegality, illiteracy

mis- - misunderstanding, misbelief, mistake

un- - unemployment, unreality, untruth

2.1.2.1. Verb - suffixes

-ate – indicate, activate, translate

-en – deepen, lighten, strengthen, broaden

-fy – classify, electrifiy, specify, identify

-ize – organize, characterize, mechanize

2.1.2.2. Verb - prefixes

co- - cooperate, coexist, collaborate

de- - decode, decompose, demobilize

dis- - disbelieve, disapprove, disappear

in- - input, inlay, incut, indraw

im- - immigrate, impart, implant

inter- - interact, interchange, interdepend

ir- - irrediate, irrigate, irritate

over- - overcome, overheat, overhear, overlook

re- - readjust, rebuild, reconstruct, rewrite

mis- - misprint, misunderstand, miscount

2.1.3.1. Adjective - suffixes

-ful – careful, beautuful, useful, powerful

-ant – distant, important, resistant

-ent – dependent, transparent, different

-ous – famous, dangerous, various

-ed – talented, interested, developed (from Past Participles)

-ing – interesting, disappointing (from Present Participles)

-al – natural, cultural, territorial

-ish – Spanish, British, boyish, yellowish

-able – comfortable, miserable

-ible – possible, terrible, visible, convertible

-ic – atomic, historic, economic, heroic

-y – rainy, busy, sunny, windy, dirty

-less – hopeless, lifeless, useless, homeless

-ary – ordinary, revolutionary, necessary

-ive – inventive, effective, impressive, detective

-ian – Russian, Canadian, Italian

-ese – Portugese, Chinese, Japanese

2.1.3.2. Adjective - prefixes

un- - unhappy, unable, uncomfortable

in- - independent, indirect, invisible

dis- - disappointing, discouraging, disconnecting

im- - impossible, imperfect, immortal, immaterial

inter- - interdependent, interchangeable, international

ir- - irregular, irresponsible, irrational

il- - illogical, illegal, illimitable

non- - non-ferrous, non-governmental

post- - post-war, post-operational

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Ex. 2.2. + 2.5. – Образец выполнения на примере абзаца № 7:

• future = -ture – суффикс ряда существительных ■ будущее

• public = -ic – суффикс прилагательного ■ общественный;

публичный

• relations = -s – грамматический аффикс категории числа: мн. ч. у существительных и ед. ч. у глаголов (3 л. ед.ч. - только в Present Simple: He likes swimming) ■ отношения; связи > АНАЛОГИЧНО: trends

• better = -er – грамматический аффикс сравнительной степени прилагательных. Омонимичен словообразовательному суффиксу существительных (V+er = исполнитель действия глагола) ■ лучше

• predicted, prepared, identified = -ed - грамматический аффикс V2 и V3 стандартных глаголов АЯ; в ряде ‘отглагольных прилагательных’ аффикс -ed выполняет функцию словообразовательного суффикса: a talented actor/orator ‘талантливый актёр/оратор’ ■ букв. как V3: предсказанный, подготовленный, определённый

• identified < ideni-fy = -fy – словообразовательный суффикс глагола

■ определять, идентифицировать

• history = -y – суффикс существительных, указывающих на название сферы (научной) деятельности (economy; philosophy; philology). Омонимичен суффиксу прилагательных (N+y): rainy, sunny, etc.

■ история

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Exercise 3. – Polysemantic words

3.1. Внимательно прочтите словарную статью 2.24. part [U/C], обращая внимание не только на лексическую многозначность этого слова, но и на грамматические характеристики имени существительного part: (1) исчисляемость // неисчисляемость // собирательность; (2) закономерности использования артиклей или их отсутствие (например, почему отсутствует артикль перед PR?); (3) согласование по категории числа.

Exercise 3.2. Приведите 11 (по количеству пунктов этой словарной статьи) собственных примеров с переводом на русский язык.

Exercise 3.3. В первом абзаце текста обратите внимание на выделенные курсивом формы change и changing. Определите их принадлежность к частям речи по форме и функциям в предложениях и переведите на русский язык, сопроводив перевод тремя собственными предложениями в тех же формах и функциях.

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Exercise 4. – English-English definitions

1. Совместите следующие английские слова с их дефинициями. 2. Переведите на русский язык.

1	rapid	1	all the circumstances, people, things, and events around us that influence our life
2	possess	2	to become wider; to affect or make sth affect more people or things; to increase your expe-rience, knowledge, etc.
3	provide	3	the ability or opportunity to do sth
4	shape [V]	4	to stay and still exist in a particular state or condition
5	management	5	to come to sb’s attention; to achieve a particular aim; to arrive at
6	part [U]	6	a natural development or result of sth
7	bring out [PH V]	7	to give sth to someone who needs or wants it
8	public opinion	8	done completely, with great attention to detail
9	evaluate	9	total; to the greatest degree possible
10	area	10	done or happening very quickly
11	demand	11	to be real/present in a place or a situation
12	prerequisite	12	the quality or skill which makes it possible for someone to do sth
13	(the) power [U]	13	interchanged effect on the mind
14	institution	14	to make sth appear; to show up
15	go through [PH V]	15	to want sth; to wish for sth
16	understanding [U]	16	a particular subject/topic or a part of a larger, more general situation or activity
17	exist	17	special skill or knowledge that is acquired by training, study, or practice
18	counsel [U]	18	one part of an activity, process, or period
19	trend	19	to perform a series of actions
20	environment	20	information and understanding about a subject which a person has, or which all people have
21	change [V]	21	the process or result of making a basic design gradually better and more advanced
22	expertise [U]	22	to become different; to make sth different
23	technician	23	a piece of information or a request that you send to someone or leave for them when you cannot speak to them directly
24	recognize	24	the control and operation of a business or organization
25	broaden [V]	25	a large important organization that has a particular purpose (university; bank)
26	skill	26	advice
27	abilty	27	to need sth in order to be done successfully
28	message	28	to accept that sth is true or important
29	remain	29	an attitudinal measure of the image a public holds concerning some person or concept
30	knowledge [U]	30	sth that follows a fixed order
31	complete [ADJ]	31	sth that you know how it works or what it means
32	thorough [ADJ]	32	some but not of a thing
33	outgrowth	33	a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing
34	among	34	a type of work or activity which requires special training and knowledge
35	development	35	sth that must exist or happen before sth else can happen or be done; precondition
36	reach	36	to have or own sth
37	mutual influence	37	surrounded by sb/sth; in the middle of sb/sth
38	sequential	38	to give an object a particular structure, form
39	stage	39	someone whose job involves skilled practical work with equipment
40	desire	40	to form an opinion of the amount or quality of sth after thinking about it carefully; assess

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