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3.5. Match each country on the left with the name on the right by which it

is also known.

a) Holland Eire

(b) Iran The Netherlands

(c) Myanmar Ulster

(d) Sri Lanka Persia

(e) The Republic of Ireland Ceylon

(f) Northern Ireland Burma

(

3.6. Explain the difference between the two names in each of the following

pairs.

a) England and (Great) Britain

(b) (Great) Britain and the United Kingdom

(c) (Great) Britain and the British Isles

(d) Europe and Continental Europe

(e) The Middle East and the Far East

(f) India and the Indian Subcontinent

(g) America and North America

(h) South America and Latin America

(i) The Arctic and the Antarctic

(j) Australia and Australasia

(k) South Africa and Southern Africa

(

3.7. Which countries are referred to by the following expressions?

a) The European Union Countries (d) The West Indies

(b) The (British) Commonwealth (e) The Gulf States

(c) The NATO Countries (f) The Third World

(

3.8. a )Which countries are sometimes referred to by the following colloquial

expressions? What do you know about these countries? Try to find some

interesting facts about them and make a short presentation in class.

b) Has Russia ever had any nicknames?

a) The States (b) Down Under (c) The Land of the Rising Sun

(d) The Emerald Isle (e) The Celestial

W

3.9. Look at the report below and fill in the gaps with one of the words or

expressions from the previous activities. In some cases, more than one

answer is possible. You may need to change some of the word forms.

e began our journey in the capital, Triguengos, a (1) _________ conurbation of almost ten million. It is not a pretty place; heavily (2) ________, with huge factories belching out black fumes, and miles of (3) ________ as housing estates and shopping centres spread out from the (4) _________ centre for miles. It was a relief to leave.

As soon as we got into the coutryside, things improved considerably. The climate is dry and it is difficult to grow anything, but thanks to (5) _______, which helps bring water in from the Rio Cauto (the huge river with its (6) ______ high up in the snow-covered (7) _______ of the Sierra Maestra (8) __________), the land is fertile enough to grow the sugar cane on which much of the economy is based. We saw few people, however, as many have moved to the towns and cities to look for more profitable work. It is largely due to this rural (9) ________ that sugar-cane industry is suffering.

Further south and we entered the Hoguin (10) _______, with mountains rising high above us on both sides. The land here drops sharply to the sea and the slow-moving waters of the Rio Cauto give way to (11) _____ which tumble over cliffs, and small, fast-moving (12) ________ which are not even wide enough to take a boat. At this point, the road we were traveling along became a (13) _______ which was only just wide enough for our vehicle, and then an unpaved (14) ________ which almost shook the vehicle to pieces.

And then suddenly, the Pacific (15) _________ was in front of us. Our destination was the town of Santiago de Gibara, built on a (16) _______ sticking out into the blue waters. The countryside here undulates gently, with low (17) _____ covered in rich tropical jungle. The open (18) ______ surrounding the (19) _______ of the Rio Cauto as it reaches the ocean is rich and (20) _________, ideal for growing the tobacco plants, which need a lot of warm and damp soil.

That night I lay in my cheap hotel, listening to the waves gently lapping the (21) ________, and when eventually fell asleep, I dreamt of the people who first inhabited this (22) __________ almost two thousand years before.

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