XII. Topics for discussions:

1. The great value of visiting a museum and studying works of art first-hand is that one becomes aware of the qualitative difference between original art and photographic reproductions. Work in pairs and enlarge on this statement.

2. Because of their special environment, museums and picture galleries offer the kind of conditions that allow a student to experience the intrinsic qualities of the art object. The atmosphere of museums evokes marvel. When our emotions are aroused, we are more sensitive; we openly explore, make discoveries and ultimately are more receptive to the learning experience. Enlarge on the benefits of museums and picture galleries.

3. Give an account of your own visit to a picture gallery.

4. Persuade your partner to agree with your opinion that life is made much more colourful if you regularly visit museums, art galleries and exhibitions.

Тема:

Образотворче мистецтво Fine Arts

I. Pronounce correctly:

drawing, feature, aesthetic, means of expression, imagination, generalized way,

genre, seascape, periods, Antique Art, West European, Chinese, Japanese, various

colour techniques, gouache, architecture.

II. Read the names of some famous artists:

W. Hogarth, W. Turner, Reynolds, Gainsborough, Manet, Raphael, Renoir, Rubens, Velasquez, Michelangelo.

III. Find in the text and memorize the words and word combinations:

to paint painting sculpture drawing featuring the reality in aesthetic forms means of expression imagination in a generalized way we mean genre canvas various trends historical development true-to-life it is divided into easel brush easel painting world known masterpiece to exhibit ceiling to belong to wonderful splendid print-marking plastic art boxwood lime linden terra-cotta

малювати олією живопис скульптура рисунок відображаючи реальність в естетичній формі засоби вираження уява узагальнено ми маємо на увазі жанр полотно різні напрямки історичний розвиток правдивий до життя поділяється на мольберт пензель станковий живопис всесвітньовідомий шедевр виставляти стеля належати дивовижно чудово графіка, створення естампів пластичне мистецтво самшит, деревина самшиту липа липа (нім.) теракота, кераміка 2) скульптура з теракоти 3) теракотовий колір, колір теракоти

IV. Read and retell the text:

Fine art refers to arts that are concerned with a limited number of visual and performing art forms, including painting, sculpture, dance, theatre, architecture and printmaking. Schools, institutes, and other organizations still use the term to indicate a traditional perspective on the art forms, often implying an association with classic or academic art. Plastic arts are those visual arts that involve the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated in some way, often in three dimensions. Examples are clay, paint and plaster.

The plastic arts may refer to:

• Architecture

• Ceramics

• Glass art

• Land art

• Metalworking

• Mosaic

• Paper art

• The use of Plastics within the arts or as an artform itself

• Sculpture

• Textile art

• Woodworking

The more recent term visual arts is widely considered to be a more inclusive and descriptive phrase for today's variety of current art practices, and for the multitude of mediums in which high art is now more widely recognized to occur. Тhe term fine in 'fine art' comes from the concept of final cause, or purpose, or end, in the philosophy of Aristotle.

Drawing is a visual art which makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, markers, stylus, or various metals like silverpoint and the metal genre of metal pointing can also include copper, bronze, and even gold whereby these metals can change color over time and produce interesting results. Painting, meant literally, is the practice of applying color to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer or concrete.

Speaking of a painting we mean some genre: portrait, genre picture, historical canvas, seascape, still-life, landscape or nude.

There are various trends in painting, different periods of historical development and a lot of art schools. There is Oriental Art, Antique Art, West-European Art, Russian Art, Ukrainian Art, etc. We may want to speak of Italian, Flemish, Spanish etc. art school. Their art may be realistic, symbolic, impressionistic, primitive, true-to-life, etc.

Painting has various colour techniques: oil, water colours, crayons (pastel), gouache.

Historically it has always been connected with architecture. Functionally it is divided into three groups: monumental-decorative, decorative and easel painting.

There are world museums and art galleries where masterpieces of old art schools are exposed: the Louvre in Paris, the Dresden Art Gallery, the Hermitage in St. Petersburg and the British Museum, the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery and the Manchester City Art Gallery in England. The works of the prominent representatives of the British Art –W. Hogarth (“The Shrimp Girl”), W. Turner (“Calais Pier”), Ford Madox Braun (“Work”) are exhibited in these galleries. But very many masterpieces are not in the galleries but in museums, on the walls and ceilings of the temples, cathedrals and private palaces. Discussing them we speak about colour, composition, contents, technique and the historical period to which the author belonged.

We say: “lt is good (wonderful, impressing, splendid)”. Or I like it”. “I don’t like it. It is dull, boring”.

A sculpture is a three-dimensional object, which is man-made and selected for special recognition as art. Throughout most of history, the purpose of creating sculpture has been to produce works of art that are as permanent as is possible. So to that end, works were usually produced in durable and frequently, expensive materials, primarily bronze and stone such as marble, limestone, porphyry, and granite. More rarely, precious materials such as gold, silver, jade, and ivory were used for chryselephantine works. More common and less expensive materials were used for sculpture for wider consumption, including woods such as oak, boxwood (Buxus) and lime or linden (Tilia), terra cotta and other ceramics, and cast metals such as pewter and zinc (spelter).

The important part of fine arts is sculpture. Works of sculpture are made of hard materials: stone, marble, wood, clay, ivory, metal, etc. Sculptural works usually represent people or animals.

The main genres of sculpture are portraits (historical or genre). They may be symbolic or allegoric made in three dimensions. Works of sculpture are: a statue, a bust, a head, columns or groups.

The sаmе as painting functionally sculpture is divided into monumental, monumental-decorative and easel sculpture.

Monumental sculpture (monuments, tombs) has big dimensions and is connected with architectural environment.

Monumental works are installed in squares, parks, etc.

Monumental-decorative sculpture includes all kinds of the decorating of architectural edifices: relief, fountains, etc.

The world known works of sculpture are the St. Paul’s Cathedral in Rome and in London by Sir Wren, the Westminster Abbey in London, the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg and a great many others. They are called architectural monuments. My favourite sculpture is “Horses” by Clodt on Anichkov Bridge in St. Petersburg and the figure of kneeling Christ in Lviv.