III. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. The applied arts share with architecture the capacity to remain aesthetically important even after the element of utility has disappeared.

2. In addition the objects are planned, their design is usually outlined in a drawing or preparatory sketch.

3. A sword, a vase or a piece of stained glass seen in a museum and far removed from its original sphere of utility can still retain its initial aesthetic appeal.

4. Graphic design is the process of communicating visually using text and images to present information.

5. The decorative arts are traditionally defined as ornamental and functional works in ceramic, wood, glass, metal or textile.

IV. Read and retell the text:

The decorative arts are traditionally defined as ornamental and functional works in ceramic,wood,glass,metal, ortextile. The field includesceramics,furniture, furnishings,interior design, andarchitecture. The decorative arts are often categorized in opposition to the “fine arts”, namely,painting,drawing,photography, and large-scalesculpture.

Sometimes applied art is classified as “minor” and fine arts that include painting, sculpture, architecture, prints, and drawings as “major”. But this classification is unsatisfactory. Applied art and fine art have some features in common. The applied arts use the same or similar materials as do various fine arts. In addition the objects are planned; their design is usually outlined in a drawing or preparatory sketch. And yet there are certain distinctions between the fine arts and those of applied.

The works of applied arts are not only objects of art, they are also beautiful objects for every day use. The applied arts share with architecture the capacity to remain aesthetically important even after the element of utility has disappeared. A ruined and unused temple or home can still appeal to us for artistic reasons; and a sword, a vase or a piece of stained glass seen in a museum and far removed from its original sphere of utility can still retain its initial aesthetic appeal.

Ceramics is the art of manufacturing in clay known generally as pottery, bricks and tiles, earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The potter shapes things in clay and then hardens them by heat. The craft is one of the oldest and most widely disseminated in the world.

Decorative glass is the art of manufacturing articles in glass.

Glass is known amongst its workers as the “metal” and the glass forms can be moulded as the metallic objects or earthenware, or made by the process of blowing.

Textile is the art of making fabrics of all kinds from yarn prepared from fibrous materials (cotton, silk, wool, linen, hair, artificial fibres, etc).

Metal work is the art of making metal objects such as fences, doors, gates, chimney-pieces, railings, jewellery, etc.

Furniture is the movable articles of household use such as tables, beds, chairs, wardrobes, etc.

Arms are all weapons or instruments of attack or defence. Ar­mour is the protection from weapons for men or horses. Defensive armour has been used in the most parts of the world since long before historical times.

Graphic design is the process of communicatingvisuallyusing text and images to present information. Like other forms ofdesign, graphic design often refers to both the process (designing) by which the communication is created and the products (designs) which are generated. Fashion design differs fromcostume designdue to its core product having a built in obsolescence usually of one to two seasons.Fashion design is theapplied artdedicated to thedesignofclothingand lifestyleaccessoriescreated within the cultural and social influences of a specific time.

Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interiorspace, through the manipulation of spatialvolume. Not to be confused withinterior decoration, interior design draws on aspects ofenvironmental psychology,architecture, andproduct designin addition to traditionaldecoration.

Embroidery is the ornamentation of textiles with decorative stitch. This is done by a needle of suitable size and thickness threaded with silk, cotton, wool or other thread. This art was practised from early times, the fragments of embroidered linen were found in Egyptian tombs of circa 15^thcentury B.C.

One category of applied art, industrial design deals with mass-produced objects which are as carefully planned as many kinds of fine or applied art. It differs substantially from the older categories in that it is designed consciously for a larger public than was even before imagined and with certain engineering techniques in mind, as well as with an awareness of the new materials developed by modern industry.

The decorative arts reflect the desire throughout human history to decorate the environment. For example prehistoric people created small ivory sculptures. The Egyptians buried finely crafted furniture and jewellery with their dead. During medieval times artisans decorated castles and churches with articles made from ivory, gold and enamel. Artists of the Renaissance produced fine furniture, metal work and glass. People of the 1700’s created beautiful porcelain pieces and carved woodwork.

Today the applied arts continue to be an important division of art. Fine art and decorative art reflect important artistic trends in their form, colour and material.