uchebnik-po-angliyskomu-yaziku-dlya-gumanitariev

Key to Exercises

551

the latest news, half an hour, an hour and a half, after classes, between the windows, once a week, once a month, to music, even without a dictionary;

б) 1. I get up early. 2. I go to the bathroom, clean my teeth, wash, dress and have breakfast. 3. It takes me half an hour. 4. At 7 o’clock I leave for (the) Institute. 5. I always come to (the) Institute in time. I’m never late. 6. I often have dinner in the dining hall of our Institute. 7. If I have no meeting after classes I go home. 8. I like to watch TV in the evening. 9. I have supper at 8 o’clock. 10. During supper I listen to the radio. 11. I go to bed at 11 o’clock. 12. Once a month I attend meetings of our radio circle. 13. I like to have a walk after classes. 14. I spend half an hour or an hour a day on my English. 15. Sometimes I stay at the Institute after classes to study in the reading room. 16. Before and after classes the dining hall is full of people. 17. What is the topic of his report? 18. When is he going to make a report? 19. I can translate this article even without a dictionary, it is not difficult. 20. I live near the centre of the town. 21. May I join you for a walk?

Lesson 11, Ex. 5, page 222

1. We are not ready yet. 2. He is not married yet. 3. They are still at the lecture. 4. They are still busy. 5. Is your son still ill? 6. It is still cold. 7. He is not a student yet. 8. It is still raining though the sun is shining brightly. 9. He is still making a report. 10. He is still working though he is more than sixty.

Ex. 7, page 223

a) to go in for sports, to go to the country, in the sky, to go skiing, in the evening, in summer, at the beginning of summer, of course, on the ground, even, still, a summer day, in the open air

б) 1. On Sunday we usually go to the country. 2. The weather is good, let’s go bathing. 3. I can’t skate. 4. Who swims better — you or your brother? 5. It often rains in autumn. 6. It is snowing now. 7. It is pleasant to walk on such a warm sunny day. 8. My brother wants to become a doctor. 9. The days become longer and the nights become shorter. 10. It’s getting dark it’s time for you to go to bed. 11. Which of them is younger? 12. What kind of sport do you go in for? 13. It looks like rain. 14. I want my daughter to go in for tennis. 15. It is I getting light, it is time to get up.

Lesson 12, Ex. 11, page 244

As for me, sport events (competitions), to accept an invitation with pleasure, to visit one’s parents (to go to see one’s parents), a day off, in different ways, to train, near the forest, near the river, the five o’clock train, to catch a train, on the way to the Institute, to have a good time, to come back home (to return home), to be tired, to be hungry, later than usual, as usual, to start on a skiing trip

Key to Exercises

552

Lesson 13, Ex. 2, page 265

To take (pass) examination, a difficult subject, a branch of industry, culture and art of the nineteenth century, to work as an engineer, in five years, various subjects, during the academic year, to study hard, to receive a higher educa tion, to carry on research work, to carry on experiments, to enter an Institute, to graduate from the Institute, entrance examinations

Ex. 6, page 266

1.The academic year lasts from the 1st of September to the 30th of June.

2.I am busy from Tuesday to Saturday. 3. The meeting will take place at 3 o’clock. 4. Our Institute trains specialists for various branches of industry and culture. 5. I am going to take my examinations in advance. 6. I want to visit my parents who live in the country. 7. I hope to pass my exams successfully. 8. I shall graduate from the Institute in five years and I shall work as an engineer at the plant. 9. Young people in our country have every opportunity to study.

10.There is a wide choice of institutions where one can get a higher education.

11.We have every opportunity to carry on research work. 12. Our Institute combines theoretical studies with practical work and industrial training. 13. I must submit my term design on Saturday. 14. If I am allowed I shall take this examination in advance. 15. Working at our designs we have to spend a lot of time in the workshops. 16. I shall fulfill this task next week. 17. Last month we carried out our first scientific experiment.

Lesson 14, Ex. 6, page 288

To book tickets, as for me, a place of interest, to take place, wonderful works of art, to make an impression, to admire, a beautiful palace, to get tickets, treasures of art, to visit, to found, to be famous for; masterpieces, famous all over the world; to remain the capital, to go sightseeing, to have fun

Lesson 15, Ex. 2, page 305

To agree, to be interested in, to ring up, while, as soon as, to work as a chief engineer, to go abroad, to be on business, to find out, to bring the book, to give a definite answer, including first year students, from the very beginning, by the way, to introduce

Ex. 4, page 305

1. to come, to go 2. to hear, to listen 3. to look, to see 4. to take (pass) an examination 5. to be (get) interested 6. to be (get) ready

Lesson 16, Ex. 8, page 322

a) to take an active part, to look for the solution of the problem, to achieve results, at the age of 20, to carry on research work, to improve working con ditions, to imagine, to join the party, to attend school (to go to school), top

Key to Exercises

553

marks, to put into production, further improvement, to publish, to devote, to deal with

б) 1. Who will test this machine? 2. When did this writer die? 3. Peter is in hospital and it is necessary to visit him. 4. Don’t interrupt me! 5. The improvement of working conditions helped them (to) achieve better results in their work. 6. Studies at school will be resumed on the 1st of September. 7. In what magazine will your article be published? 8. What problem is it devoted to? 9. Does your friend (a friend of yours) deal with electronics? 10. Does she really (actually) pay much attention to the learning of the language? 11. It’s difficult to imagine they could solve this problem working under such conditions. 12. He was looking for something when we came into the room. 13. To construct this device one had to solve a lot of problems. 14. He said that the solution of the problem is of great importance for the development of science. 15. When is the scientific conference going to take place (to be held)?

Lesson 17, Ex. 8, page 348

To occupy the leading place, to play an important part in history, to spend time on English, to spend money on books, large housing construction, to do one’s best to help, to improve the living conditions, important political events, from year to year, to produce consumer goods, different parts of the machine, new districts of the capital, to go on, to be greatly impressed by, no doubt, doubtful, to change, to increase in size, the population of the city, to be famous for its beautiful buildings, to celebrate the anniversary, to meet the requirements, convenient time, the quickest means of transport.

Lesson 18, Ex. 8, page 379

A coast line, an important port, a convenient harbour, a flat surface, green fields, a deep lake, the surrounding seas, a strait separating continent from the islands, the village surrounded by the forest, the advantage of favourable conditions, to compare the height of mountains, on the sea shore (side), the depth of mountainous lakes, to occupy the area, to form an architectural ensemble, shoes (boots) suitable for rainy weather, to go as far as the centre of the town.

Lesson 19, Ex. 5, page 399

1. from the very beginning; 2. till the very end; 3. nevertheless; 4. refused, according to; 5. the critic overestimated; 6. organizer and inspirer; 7. of his contemporaries; 8. fought for social significance in art; 9. outstanding; 10. Kramskoy always succeeded in revealing.

Ex. 6, page 399

1. The outstanding Russian painter, Kramskoy, organizer and inspirer of “Pe redvizhniki” movement, lived and worked in the 19th century. 2. His signif icance is (lies) in the truthful, realistic portraying (depiction, representation

Key to Exercises

554

of) the life of his epoch. 3. Kramskoy painted portraits of the great contempo raries. 4. Working at the portrait of the poet Nekrasov, Kramskoy above all (first of all) set himself the task to reveal the inner world of the poet and to stress his spiritial strength. 5. Kramskoy loved ardently his fatherland and his people; all his life he fought for realism and social signifance of art. 6. In spite of being seriously ill (his serious illness) Kramskoy worked till the very last days of his life and died while working at his easel in 1887. 7. Kramskoy’s works are a considerable part of the treasure house of Russian art.

Ex. 7, page 400

1. Where and when was Kramskoy born? 2. When was he accepted to the Academy? 3. Why did Kramskoy leave the Academy without graduation? 4. What was teaching at the Academy based on at that time? 5. What did the group of students headed by Kramskoy demand? 6. Who was the organizer and inspirer of Peredvizhniki movement? 7. What art works by Kramskoy do you know? 8. What can you say about Kramskoy’s portraits? 9. What did the artist try to depict (to reflect) in his canvases?

Lesson 20, Ex. 6, page 436

To make a contribution to science, to have a perfect command of a foreign language, to display ability, to win the first place, to suffer (to experience) want, to overcome obstacles, life full of hardships, science and engineering, natural sciences, to receive education, a desire to study, within a short period of time, the son of a peasant, in addition to, thus, as, to attach importance to.

Содержание уроков
Предисловие .............................................................	3
Методические рекомендации по работе с учебником...................	8
Памятка для студента ...................................................	12
ВВОДНЫЙ КУРС
Английский алфавит ....................................................	17
Урок 1
Звуки, буквы и правила чтения .........................................	18
Контрольные упражнения в чтении.....................................	22
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	24
Две формы неопределенного артикля. Определение перед су
ществительным, выраженное прилагательным. Порядок слов
в утвердительном предложении. Составное сказуемое. Глагол
связка is. Порядок слов в отрицательном предложении. Отрица
ние not. Порядок слов в вопросительном предложении. Общие
вопросы. Краткие и полные утвердительные и отрицательные
ответы. Множественное число имен существительных, оканчи
вающихся на согласную (глухую или звонкую) или гласную.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	29
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	30
Урок 2
Звуки, буквы и правила чтения .........................................	31
Контрольные упражнения в чтении.....................................	34
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	36
Указательные местоимения this и that в функции подлежащего.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы. Общие и альтерна
тивные вопросы. Отсутствие неопределенного артикля перед ве
щественными и собирательными именами существительными,
перед существительными во множественном числе и именами
собственными. Указательные местоимения this и that во множе
ственном числе. Множественное число глагола to be. Вопроси
тельное слово what «что», «какой». Указательные местоимения
this и that в функции определения. Личные местоимения. Притя
жательные местоимения. Предлоги места in, on. Определенный
артикль the. Вопросительное слово where. Специальные вопросы.
Глагол to be в значении «находиться». Повелительное наклоне
ние.
Упражнения для домашнего чтения ....................................	45
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	46

Содержание уроков	556
Урок 3
Звуки, буквы и правила чтения .........................................	47
Контрольные упражнения в чтении.....................................	50
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	52
Количественные числительные от 1 до 10. Притяжательные
местоимения. Глагол to be. Личные местоимения. Глагол to be.
Вопросительная форма. Общие, альтернативные и специальные
вопросы. Вопросы к подлежащему. Вопросительные слова who,
which (of).
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	60
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	61
Урок 4
Звуки, буквы и правила чтения .........................................	62
Контрольные упражнения в чтении.....................................	65
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	67
Количественные числительные от 1 до 100. Предлог of для
выражения принадлежности. Глагол to have. Отрицательная
форма глагола to have. Вопросительная форма глагола to have.
Местоимения much, many, little, few. Специальные вопросы.
Вопросительные слова how many, how much «сколько». Вопросы
к подлежащему.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	76
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	79
Урок 5
Правила чтения..........................................................	81
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	82
Образование множественного числа имён существительных. При
тяжательный падеж имен существительных. Вопросительное
слово whose. Абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений.
Оборот there is/there are. Утвердительная форма. Оборот there
is/there are. Отрицательная форма. Образование вопросительной
формы. Общие, специальные и альтернативные вопросы. Отри
цательная форма повелительного наклонения.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	94
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	96
Урок 6
Правила чтения..........................................................	99
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	100
Местоимения some, any, no. Объектный падеж личных место
имений. Прямое и косвенное дополнения. Аналитическая форма
повелительного наклонения. Глагол let.

Содержание уроков	557
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	110
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	112
Урок 7
Правила чтения..........................................................	115
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	116
Порядковые числительные. Причастие I в функции определения.
Настоящее продолженное время — Present Continuous Tense.
Present Continuous Tense. Вопросительная форма. Общие, альтер
нативные и специальные вопросы. Предлог with; вопросительное
слово whom; предлоги места. Предлоги направления и движения
to — from; into — out of, off, away.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	127
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	132
Review (lessons 1–7)
Exercises to be done at home and to be checked with the key .............	134
ОСНОВНОЙ КУРС
Часть первая
Part One
Урок 8
Словообразование........................................................	143
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	143
Числительные от 100 и выше. Чтение хронологических дат.
Обозначение времени. Название дней недели и месяцев. Без
личные предложения. Существительное в роли определения.
Настоящее неопределенное время — Present Indefinite (Simple)
Tense. Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Отрицательная форма.
Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Вопросительная форма. Общие
и альтернативные вопросы. Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
Специальные вопросы. Вопросы к подлежащему.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	159
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	163
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	165
Урок 9
Словообразование........................................................	168
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	169

Содержание уроков	558
Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели. Союз in order to «для
того чтобы». Безличные обороты. Модальные глаголы can, must,
may. Неопределенное местоимение one. Неопределенное место
имение one в сочетании с модальными глаголами. Придаточные
дополнительные предложения. Наречия much, little.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	182
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	185
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	187
Урок 10
Словообразование........................................................	189
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	189
Наречия неопределенного времени. Словосочетания с глаголом
to have. Придаточные определительные предложения. Союзные
слова who, which, that. Причастие I в функции обстоятельства.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	198
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	205
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	206
Урок 11
Словообразование........................................................	209
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	210
Герундий (общие сведения). Степени сравнения наречий и прила
гательных. Парные союзы as ... as, not so ...	as для выражения срав
нения. Безличные предложения. Слова, производные от every.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	221
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	225
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	227
Урок 12
Словообразование........................................................	229
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	230
Прошедшее неопределенное время — Past Indefinite (Simple)
Tense — глаголов to be и to have. Прошедшее неопределенное
время — Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Past Indefinite (Simple)
Tense. Отрицательная форма. Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
Вопросительная форма. Прошедшее продолженное время — Past
Continuous Tense.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	241
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	245

Содержание уроков	559
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	246
Урок 13
Словообразование........................................................	249
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	250
Будущее неопределенное время — Future Indefinite (Simple)
Tense. Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Вопросительная форма.
Общие и специальные вопросы. Употребление настоящего вре
мени вместо будущего в придаточных предложениях времени и
условия. Эквиваленты модальных глаголов. Будущее продолжен
ное время — Future Continuous Tense.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	265
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	267
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	268
Урок 14
Словообразование........................................................	272
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	273
Местоимения и наречия, производные от some, any, no. Место
имение any и его производные в утвердительных предложениях.
Местоимение no. Причастие II в функции определения. Настоя
щее совершенное время — Present Perfect Tense. Present Perfect
Tense. Вопросительная форма. Общие и специальные вопросы.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	287
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	290
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	291
Урок 15
Словообразование........................................................	294
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	294
Прошедшее совершенное время — Past Perfect Tense. Будущее
совершенное время — Future Perfect Tense. Согласование времен.
Прямая и косвенная речь. Бессоюзное подчинение определитель
ных придаточных предложений.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	304
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	307
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	309

Содержание уроков	560
Урок 16
Словообразование........................................................	311
Грамматика и лексика...................................................	311
Страдательный залог. Present Indefinite Passive. Сочетание мо
дальных глаголов с инфинитивом страдательного залога. Смы
словое выделение членов предложения при помощи оборота: It is
(was) ... that (who). Возвратные и усилительные местоимения.
Упражнения для домашнего задания ...................................	320
Упражнения для устной работы в аудитории...........................	324
Review (lessons 8–16)
Exercises To Be Done at Home and To Be Checked with the Key..........	328
Часть вторая
Part Two
Урок 17
Grammar .................................................................	337
Continuous Tenses (Passive Voice). Perfect Tenses (Passive Voice).
Заместитель имени существительного — местоимение one.
Vocabulary................................................................	341
Exercises To Be Done at Home............................................	345
Exercises To Be Done in Class.............................................	347
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	348
Урок 17a (дополнительный)
Word building and Phonetic Drills .......................................	351
Vocabulary................................................................	352
Exercises To Be Done at Home............................................	356
Exercises To Be Done in Class.............................................	359
Additional Material for Oral Speech Practice. Speech Patterns and Flashes
of Conversation......................................................	361
Урок 18
Grammar .................................................................	364
Причастие — The Participle. Самостоятельный (независимый)
причастный оборот — The Absolute Participle Construction. Заме
стители имени существительного. Употребление определенного
артикля с географическими названиями.
Vocabulary................................................................	372
Exercises To Be Done at Home............................................	377