- •Предисловие
- •1. Read the text and write down all words describing the auto-video inspection of track.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •Give the main idea of the text "Railway Track of the 21st Century". Test 1
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Match these definitions with the terms.
- •V. According to the text, are the sentences true (t) or false (f).
- •Permanent Way and Its Members
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe the modern railway track.
- •2. Match up the adjectives with the nouns.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Give Russian equivalents.
- •6. Find in the text phrases with the word "traffic".
- •7. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the meaning of the word "carry".
- •9. Put the following word combinations into the appropriate columns.
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the following words.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Make up sentences using correct words to characterize the permanent way. The permanent way must be ________ a. Durable e. Reliable
- •V. Match these definitions with the words.
- •VI. Put the sentences in the correct order to make the conversation.
- •Modern Permanent Way Technology
- •1. Read the text again and write down all the words describing modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •The majority of rail systems rely on ………
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Track design: Ladder Sleepers Perform Well in Tests
- •1. Read the text again and write down the words describing the advantages of ladder sleepers.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize ladder sleepers. Ladder sleepers perform well in tests because they showed
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Surveying and Organizing Railroad Construction
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Make up a summary of the text. Use these phrases.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the text.
- •6. Using the phrases ask your partner some questions.
- •7. Read the Russian text, title and render it in English.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the only correct answer to the question.
- •1. What investigation does the surveying involve?
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 6 Under the Thames to Lewisham
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Look at these words. Are they nouns (n), verbs (V), or adjectives (adj)?
- •3. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •4. Group the words which can go together.
- •5. Give synonyms to these words.
- •6. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •7. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •8. Find out if this summary corresponds to the article.
- •9. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Тоннель под Невой Метро и тоннели № 2, 2002
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •6. Make a list of aspects that you should consider when designing a fixed link.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Инженерно-геологические условия и технология строительства тоннеля в Уфе
- •I. Match English and Russian words:
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •III. Match parts of the sentences:
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and say what information is missing.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a bridge.
- •7. Read the English text below and find out:
- •Bridge inspecting platform From Railway Gazette International, October 2000
- •8. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Мост на новой дороге, соединяющей Норвегию и Швецию
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Rail access
- •Workfaces
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and correct some technical mistakes.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a deep hard rock tunnel.
- •7. These statements about tunnels and viaduct in Hong Kong are all false. Read the text below and correct them.
- •Tunnels and Viaducts
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 10
- •Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •1. Check your knowledge.
- •2. Poster or letter writing
- •3. Writing
- •Test 10
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •IV. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 11
- •Vprs-02
- •Vprs-03
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Choose the best title for the text.
- •3. Read the text again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •4. The words in the following questions are in the wrong order. Rewrite the questions in the correct word order.
- •6. Decide which of these sentences describes the text better.
- •7. You are going to read the text which consists of eight sentences. First read their openings.
- •8. With a partner discuss the questions.
- •1. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •2. Read the text. Compare domestic and foreign machinery works and say where you would like to buy.
- •Innovation Continues in Track Maintenance Machinery
- •From Manual Labour to Full Mechanization The evolution of the tamping machine
- •Test 11
- •I. The following phrases are in the text. Draw a line from the first half of each sentence to the second half.
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •IV. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •V. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions.
- •Unit 12
- •5. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •10. With a partner discuss these questions.
- •11. Work with a partner.
- •12. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •Test 12
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •V. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 13 Mainframes
- •Machine Technical Data
- •Ballast Regulators
- •General Purpose Cranes
- •Twin Jib Track Relaying Machine
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Read the texts again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •3. Match the words and word combinations with the opposite meanings.
- •4. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from the text.
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •1. Look carefully through the tables describing the machines. Try to explain their differences and similarities.
- •Fill in the chart and give reasons for your decision.
- •3. Check the new words in the dictionary. Try to explain the difference between the machines mentioned above. Use the new words.
- •4. Check your knowledge.
- •Test 13
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •Look carefully through the tables in Unit 8 and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Choose the appropriate word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize road construction machines.
- •Unit 14
- •Guess how the paragraphs will continue.
- •What do you think the text is about?
- •1. Read the text and match the openings above to the paragraphs. Example: 6-a)
- •2. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •3. What would be the best title for this text?
- •4. Complete these sentences with the words and word combinations from the text.
- •5. Combine the incomplete sentences in group a with their endings in group b.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Read the plan of the text. Does it correspond to it? If no, give your own plan.
- •3. To which of the incomplete sentences does the following phrases refer?
- •4. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •6. Have some fun. J
- •Test 14
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Group the words which can go together.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Choose the only right answer to the question.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to exercises and tests for self control
- •Part IV traffic management Unit 15
- •Motive Power
- •1. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •2. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •3. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •4. Read the text again and choose the correct variant.
- •5. Paraphrase these statements using the sentences from the text.
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Make up the summary of the text .
- •9. Render the text in English.
- •Test 15
- •II. Choose the appropriate term.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 16
- •Railroad Cars
- •1. Сhoose the correct meaning.
- •2. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •3. Match the type of a car with the type of a commodity.
- •4. In the text find the words that mean:
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Read the text and render it in English. Железнодорожные вагоны
- •Test 16
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 17
- •Terminal Operation
- •1. Find the words in the text that mean:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct answer.
- •4. Put the sentences in the correct order.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Render the text in English.
- •Test 17
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 18
- •Rail Safety
- •1. Group the words which can go together.
- •Test 18
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Choose the correct variant.
- •Unit 19
- •Signaling
- •1. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •2. Match the signal with its significance.
- •3. Put in a preposition where necessary.
- •4. Join a phrase from a with one from b to make a sentence.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text .
- •7. Read the text and render it in English.
- •Test 19
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 20
- •Dispatching Advances Will Boost Efficiency
- •1. Translate these attributive groups into Russian.
- •2. What part of speech are the words in bold in the text?
- •3. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Which is an extra phrase?
- •7. Which sentence proves the statement?
- •8. Make up the summary of the text.
- •9. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
- •10. Read the text and render it in English.
- •1. What is the base form of the words?
- •2. Find the words with the following suffixes in the text.
- •Test 20
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 21
- •Computerization of Railroad Operations
- •2. Visual display unit.
- •3. Make collocations with information and computer.
- •Test 21
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 22
- •1. What is logistics?
- •Logistics
- •1. Make a list of key words to define logistics.
- •2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
- •3. Read the text again and match the activities (functions) of logistics with their descriptions.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Test 22
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to tests for self control
- •Glossary
- •Cutting bar n - a long straight piece of metal installed on a heavy construction machine used for cutting
- •English – russian vocabulary
- •Russian – english vocabulary
- •List of Abbreviations
- •Bibliography
РОСЖЕЛДОР
Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения
Э.М.Аникина, Е.Т.Китова,
О.А.Палагина, С.К.Яворская
Railway Engineering
Строительство и эксплуатация железных дорог
Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом
университета в качестве учебного пособия
Новосибирск 2007
УДК 802.0 : 625.1
Аникина Э.М., Китова Е.Т., Палагина О.А., Яворская С.К. Railway Engineering. Строительство и эксплуатация железных дорог: Учебное пособие. – Новосибирск: Изд-во СГУПСа, 2007. – 192 с.
Учебное пособие разработано для обучения английскому языку в неязыковых вузах. Использован языковой материал из современных аутентичных специализированных изданий. Пособие построено на модульном принципе. Разработана система лексических и коммуникативных упражнений и контролирующих тестов. Имеется глоссарий и терминологический англо-русский и русско-английский словари.
Пособие предназначено для студентов и аспирантов транспортных вузов, а также специалистов железнодорожного транспорта. Может использоваться в системе магистратуры при двухуровневой подготовке специалистов в вузе.
Рассмотрено и утверждено к печати на заседании кафедры «Иностранные языки».
О т в е т с т в е н н ы й р е д а к т о р
кандидат филологических наук
Э.М.Аникина
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
Кафедра «Иностранные языки» Ростовского государственного университета путей сообщения, завкафедрой д.п.н., профессор Т.Е.Исаева
Кафедра иностранных языков Новосибирской государственной академии водного транспорта, завкафедрой к.филол.наук, доц. Е.И.Мартынова
© Авторы, 2007
© Сибирский государственный
университет путей сообщения, 2007
Предисловие
Данное пособие предназначено для студентов железнодорожных специальностей, изучающих английский язык, и рассчитано на сквозную языковую подготовку, предусматривающую продолжение изучения иностранного языка после завершения базового курса на начальном этапе обучения в вузе. Студенты 3, 4, 5 курсов могут работать с данным пособием самостоятельно и готовиться к защите диплома на иностранном языке под руководством преподавателя. Кроме того, оно может быть использовано в системе повышения квалификации для работников железнодорожного транспорта, которым необходимо совершенствовать знания иностранного языка в профессиональных целях. Аутентичные профессиональные тексты формируют понятийный аппарат в области конкретной железнодорожной специальности. Материалы для текстов и упражнений отобраны из современных специализированных периодических изданий.
Учебное пособие состоит из 4 частей, соответствующих основным железнодорожным специальностям: Строительство железных дорог, Мосты и тоннели, Строительно-дорожные и путевые машины и оборудование, Управление процессами перевозок. Каждая часть содержит несколько блоков. Блок состоит из базового текста и упражнений на выработку основных речевых навыков профессионального взаимодействия. Блок завершается тестом с ключами для самоконтроля. Имеется глоссарий специальных терминов, англо-русский и русско-английский специализированные словари.
Различные упражнения разработаны как для закрепления профессиональной терминологии и систематизации языковых знаний, так и для развития коммуникативного потенциала.
Учебное пособие рассчитано на 90 часов.
CONTENTS
Foreword…….…………………………………………………………….. |
3 |
Contents…………………………………………………………………….. |
4 |
Part 1 Railway Construction |
|
Unit 1 Railway Track of the 21st Century ………………………………... |
6 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………... |
7 |
Test 1…………………………..……………………………………………. |
9 |
Unit 2 Permanent Way and Its Members ………………………………… |
11 |
Exercises…………………………………………………………………… |
12 |
Test 2…………………..…………………………………………………… |
15 |
Unit 3 Modern Permanent Way Technology …………………………….. |
16 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
17 |
Test 3 ………………………………………………………………………. |
20 |
Unit 4 TRACK DESIGN: Ladder Sleepers Perform Well in Tests ………. |
21 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
22 |
Test 4 ………………………………………………………………………. |
25 |
Unit 5 Surveying and Organizing of the Railroad Construction …………. |
26 |
Exercises ………………………………………………………………….. |
27 |
Test 5 ……………………………………………………………………… |
30 |
Keys to tests 1-5 …………………………………………………………… |
31 |
Part 2 Tunnels and Bridges |
|
Unit 6 Under the Thames to Lewisham…………………………………… |
32 |
Exercises ………………………………………………………………….. |
34 |
Test 6 ………………………………………………………………………. |
40 |
Unit 7 The Eresund Fixed Link …………………………………………… |
41 |
Exercises……………………………………………………………………. |
43 |
Test 7 ………………………………………………………………………. |
46 |
Unit 8 Storebaelt Reverts to Ballasted Track ……………………………. |
47 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
49 |
Test 8 ………………………………………………………………………. |
55 |
Unit 9 First Blast Launches Gotthard Base Tunnel ……………………….. |
56 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
57 |
Test 9 ………………………………………………………………………. |
62 |
Keys to tests 6 – 9 …………………………………………………………. |
63 |
Part 3 Road Construction Machinery |
|
Unit 10 Track Laying Cranes ……………………………… ……………. |
64 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
65 |
Test 10 ……………………………………………………………………… |
67 |
Unit 11 Roadbed Multi-Purpose Machine………………………………… |
68 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
70 |
Test 11 ……………………………………………………………………… |
74 |
Unit 12 Mobile Cranes……. ………………………………………………. |
75 |
Exercises ………………………………………………………………….... |
76 |
Test 12 ……………………………………………………………………… |
79 |
Unit 13 Mainframes . ……………………………………………………... |
81 |
Exercises ………………………………………………………………….... |
85 |
Test 13 …………………………………………………………………….. |
88 |
Unit 14 Earth Moving Equipment……….. ………………………………… |
89 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
91 |
Test 14 ……………………………………………………………………… |
95 |
Keys to exercises and tests 10 – 14 ………………………………………… |
97 |
|
|
Part IV Traffic Management |
|
Unit 15 Motive Power ……………………………………………………… |
102 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
104 |
Test 15 ……………………………………………………………………… |
107 |
Unit 16 Railroad Cars………………………………………………………. |
108 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
110 |
Test 16 ……………………………………………………………………… |
112 |
Unit 17 Terminal Operation………………………………………………... |
113 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
115 |
Test 17 ……………………………………………………………………… |
117 |
Unit 18 Rail Safety ..………………………………………………………. |
118 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
119 |
Test 18 ……………………………………………………………………… |
121 |
Unit 19 Signaling………………………………………………………….. |
122 |
Exercises ………………………………………………………………….. |
124 |
Test 19 ……………………………………………………………………… |
127 |
Unit 20 Dispatching Advances Will Boost Efficiency ……………………. |
128 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
130 |
Test 20 ……………………………………………………………………… |
133 |
Unit 21 Computerization of Railroad Operations ………………………… |
134 |
Exercises …………………………………………………………………… |
135 |
Test 21 ……………………………………………………………………… |
136 |
Unit 22 Logistics …………………………………………………………... |
137 |
Exercises ………………………………………………………………….... |
139 |
Test 22 ……………………………………………………………………… |
141 |
Keys to tests 15 – 22 ……………………………………………………….. |
142 |
Glossary ……………………………………………………………………. |
144 |
English-Russian Vocabulary ………………………………………………. |
149 |
Russian-English Vocabulary ………………………………………………. |
170 |
List of Abbreviations ………………………………………………………. |
191 |
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………… |
192 |
PART I
Railway Construction
Unit 1
Skim the text to say if it contains information about:
-
problems of freight and passengers transportation
-
auto-video inspection of track
-
operation of the railway
Railway Track of the 21st Century
Every day high-speed trains and other transport vehicles safely and rapidly carry millions of passengers. Wherever you happen to be and no matter how large or small your city, province or country is, we don¢t ask a lot in order to provide you with the most advanced, highly efficient public transportation system in the world. All we need is a track.
The modern railway track copes with the growing demands of the constant increase in the weight and speed of trains. The growth of goods traffic intensity and train speeds requires higher standards of track facilities. In order that the railway track may carry the loads imposed on it without settlement, it must be supported on a strong, stable roadbed or subgrade.
The heavier the rails, the larger the number of reinforced-concrete sleepers and the more up-to-date system of rail joints, the smaller are the maintenance costs. Reinforced-concrete sleepers ensure: high durability, low annual rate of breakdown of singular sleepers, great uniformity of their physical condition through their service life, an increased stability of track facilitating the use of long rails and jointless track. New jointless tracks have been laid for a maximum speed of 280 km/h. That is why the choice of concrete sleepers is the worldwide solution for modern high speed railways. As for steel sleepers they provide the required track performance while keeping renewal and maintenance costs. Steel sleepers track can be easily achieved. Sections with steel sleepers are in service for over 15 years.
Today the fastening by means of which the rails are joined to each other and held to the sleepers have been greatly improved to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Railways adopt long welded rails, which lessen wear and tear on rolling stock. Rails of standard length of 39 feet are welded together. The continuous rails have a longer service life than the short ones. They provide a smoother running and permit the train operation at higher speeds. For the welding of long rails, European railways rely mainly on the flash-butt process. There are best technological advancements for flash-butt welding because they give good results in rail welding.
We move into the century ahead with the auto-video inspection of track. It is an opportunity to optimize track maintenance processes to reduce costs. Video recordings of the track and its fittings are made using equipment mounted on a train adapted for this purpose. A valuable facility is the ability to examine the performance of the track under load, considerably enhancing its potential to locate track faults. Utilizing of auto-video inspection includes significant benefits: improvements in passenger safety, reliable and reproducible information, comprehensive record, cost reduction. This inspection offers the opportunity to dispense with time consuming, traditional inspection practices by providing high quality, detailed visual information which can be integrated with other recorded parameters such as vibration, temperature and noise. And it is essential to the safe and efficient operation of the railway.