- •Предисловие
- •1. Read the text and write down all words describing the auto-video inspection of track.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •Give the main idea of the text "Railway Track of the 21st Century". Test 1
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Match these definitions with the terms.
- •V. According to the text, are the sentences true (t) or false (f).
- •Permanent Way and Its Members
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe the modern railway track.
- •2. Match up the adjectives with the nouns.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Give Russian equivalents.
- •6. Find in the text phrases with the word "traffic".
- •7. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the meaning of the word "carry".
- •9. Put the following word combinations into the appropriate columns.
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the following words.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Make up sentences using correct words to characterize the permanent way. The permanent way must be ________ a. Durable e. Reliable
- •V. Match these definitions with the words.
- •VI. Put the sentences in the correct order to make the conversation.
- •Modern Permanent Way Technology
- •1. Read the text again and write down all the words describing modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •The majority of rail systems rely on ………
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Track design: Ladder Sleepers Perform Well in Tests
- •1. Read the text again and write down the words describing the advantages of ladder sleepers.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize ladder sleepers. Ladder sleepers perform well in tests because they showed
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Surveying and Organizing Railroad Construction
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Make up a summary of the text. Use these phrases.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the text.
- •6. Using the phrases ask your partner some questions.
- •7. Read the Russian text, title and render it in English.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the only correct answer to the question.
- •1. What investigation does the surveying involve?
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 6 Under the Thames to Lewisham
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Look at these words. Are they nouns (n), verbs (V), or adjectives (adj)?
- •3. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •4. Group the words which can go together.
- •5. Give synonyms to these words.
- •6. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •7. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •8. Find out if this summary corresponds to the article.
- •9. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Тоннель под Невой Метро и тоннели № 2, 2002
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •6. Make a list of aspects that you should consider when designing a fixed link.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Инженерно-геологические условия и технология строительства тоннеля в Уфе
- •I. Match English and Russian words:
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •III. Match parts of the sentences:
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and say what information is missing.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a bridge.
- •7. Read the English text below and find out:
- •Bridge inspecting platform From Railway Gazette International, October 2000
- •8. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Мост на новой дороге, соединяющей Норвегию и Швецию
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Rail access
- •Workfaces
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and correct some technical mistakes.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a deep hard rock tunnel.
- •7. These statements about tunnels and viaduct in Hong Kong are all false. Read the text below and correct them.
- •Tunnels and Viaducts
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 10
- •Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •1. Check your knowledge.
- •2. Poster or letter writing
- •3. Writing
- •Test 10
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •IV. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 11
- •Vprs-02
- •Vprs-03
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Choose the best title for the text.
- •3. Read the text again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •4. The words in the following questions are in the wrong order. Rewrite the questions in the correct word order.
- •6. Decide which of these sentences describes the text better.
- •7. You are going to read the text which consists of eight sentences. First read their openings.
- •8. With a partner discuss the questions.
- •1. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •2. Read the text. Compare domestic and foreign machinery works and say where you would like to buy.
- •Innovation Continues in Track Maintenance Machinery
- •From Manual Labour to Full Mechanization The evolution of the tamping machine
- •Test 11
- •I. The following phrases are in the text. Draw a line from the first half of each sentence to the second half.
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •IV. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •V. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions.
- •Unit 12
- •5. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •10. With a partner discuss these questions.
- •11. Work with a partner.
- •12. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •Test 12
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •V. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 13 Mainframes
- •Machine Technical Data
- •Ballast Regulators
- •General Purpose Cranes
- •Twin Jib Track Relaying Machine
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Read the texts again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •3. Match the words and word combinations with the opposite meanings.
- •4. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from the text.
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •1. Look carefully through the tables describing the machines. Try to explain their differences and similarities.
- •Fill in the chart and give reasons for your decision.
- •3. Check the new words in the dictionary. Try to explain the difference between the machines mentioned above. Use the new words.
- •4. Check your knowledge.
- •Test 13
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •Look carefully through the tables in Unit 8 and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Choose the appropriate word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize road construction machines.
- •Unit 14
- •Guess how the paragraphs will continue.
- •What do you think the text is about?
- •1. Read the text and match the openings above to the paragraphs. Example: 6-a)
- •2. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •3. What would be the best title for this text?
- •4. Complete these sentences with the words and word combinations from the text.
- •5. Combine the incomplete sentences in group a with their endings in group b.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Read the plan of the text. Does it correspond to it? If no, give your own plan.
- •3. To which of the incomplete sentences does the following phrases refer?
- •4. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •6. Have some fun. J
- •Test 14
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Group the words which can go together.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Choose the only right answer to the question.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to exercises and tests for self control
- •Part IV traffic management Unit 15
- •Motive Power
- •1. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •2. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •3. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •4. Read the text again and choose the correct variant.
- •5. Paraphrase these statements using the sentences from the text.
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Make up the summary of the text .
- •9. Render the text in English.
- •Test 15
- •II. Choose the appropriate term.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 16
- •Railroad Cars
- •1. Сhoose the correct meaning.
- •2. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •3. Match the type of a car with the type of a commodity.
- •4. In the text find the words that mean:
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Read the text and render it in English. Железнодорожные вагоны
- •Test 16
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 17
- •Terminal Operation
- •1. Find the words in the text that mean:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct answer.
- •4. Put the sentences in the correct order.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Render the text in English.
- •Test 17
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 18
- •Rail Safety
- •1. Group the words which can go together.
- •Test 18
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Choose the correct variant.
- •Unit 19
- •Signaling
- •1. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •2. Match the signal with its significance.
- •3. Put in a preposition where necessary.
- •4. Join a phrase from a with one from b to make a sentence.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text .
- •7. Read the text and render it in English.
- •Test 19
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 20
- •Dispatching Advances Will Boost Efficiency
- •1. Translate these attributive groups into Russian.
- •2. What part of speech are the words in bold in the text?
- •3. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Which is an extra phrase?
- •7. Which sentence proves the statement?
- •8. Make up the summary of the text.
- •9. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
- •10. Read the text and render it in English.
- •1. What is the base form of the words?
- •2. Find the words with the following suffixes in the text.
- •Test 20
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 21
- •Computerization of Railroad Operations
- •2. Visual display unit.
- •3. Make collocations with information and computer.
- •Test 21
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 22
- •1. What is logistics?
- •Logistics
- •1. Make a list of key words to define logistics.
- •2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
- •3. Read the text again and match the activities (functions) of logistics with their descriptions.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Test 22
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to tests for self control
- •Glossary
- •Cutting bar n - a long straight piece of metal installed on a heavy construction machine used for cutting
- •English – russian vocabulary
- •Russian – english vocabulary
- •List of Abbreviations
- •Bibliography
7. Which sentence proves the statement?
CSXT was the first US railroad to control all its trackage from one location.
1) The cost of updating these systems was a major factor in the decision to invest in a modern, centralized facility using the latest communications and signalling technologies.
2) It is over 10 years since we opened the Dufford Transportation Centre in Jacksonville, Florida, to consolidate our railroad’s operations management functions.
3) Among the major US railroads, CSX Transportation has been at the forefront of technological innovation, including pioneering the recent trend towards centralized train dispatching for an entire network at a single location.
4) Since then, we have gained many benefits from consolidation, and have learned by experience the potential pitfalls.
8. Make up the summary of the text.
9. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1) What innovation introduced by CSXT is described in the text?
2) Why was it necessary to make changes on CSXT railroad?
3) What benefits were gained from consolidation?
4) Describe the present CSXT railroad.
5) Describe the Dufford Centre.
6) What can you say about a dispatcher workstation?
7) What has CSXT planned for emergency situations?
10. Read the text and render it in English.
Диспетчерский центр управления Свердловской железной дороги позволяет сконцентрировать управление в едином центре. Диспетчерское руководство ДЦУ охватывает более 360 станций и 5,8 тысяч км эксплуатационной длины Свердловской дороги, что составляет 82% ее протяженности. Протяженность диспетчерского участка в среднем составляет 266 км. В здании ДЦУ расположены помещения для диспетчеров, зал с большим табло, где в реальном времени отображаются положение поездов, графики и диаграммы выполнения работы, дороги, участки и направления движения поездов. Компьютеры и новые технологии позволяют улучшить контроль за движением поездов, повысить уровень безопасности движения и эффективность работы дороги, а также снизить эксплуатационные расходы. Разработаны и внедрены автоматизированные рабочие места по управлению локомотивным парком.
Optional tasks
1. What is the base form of the words?
Being, identities, tiers, equipped, evaluating, greater, latest, continued.
2. Find the words with the following suffixes in the text.
The suffixes of nouns: -er (-or), -age, -ance (-ence, -ancy, -ency), -ion (-ation, -tion, -sion), -ment, -ty (-ity).
The suffixes of adjectives: -al, -ant(-ent), -ar, -ic.
The suffixes of verbs: -ate (-ute).
The suffixes of adverbs: -ly, -wards.
3. Read the words and say what words they come from.
Greatly, computer, elimination, improvement, decision, safety, performance.
4. Think of the Russian words with similar pronunciation.
Innovation, consolidation, efficiency, dispatching, centralize, function, potential, factor, invest, result.
5. Find in the text the synonyms of the following words.
Up-to-date, outdated, eliminate, total, decrease (n), arrange.
6. Find in the text the opposites of these words.
Outdated, increase (n), by hand.
7. Decide if the verb to be is a main verb, an auxiliary verb used to form the Continuous Tense or Passive Voice, or a modal verb in each of the sentences.
1) That was the practical limit for sending a telegraph signal.
2) Many of these locations were equipped with outdated technology.
3) We have learned the potential pitfalls, and today we are evaluating improvements.
8. Decide if the verb to have expresses possession, obligation (a modal verb) or it is used to form the Perfect Tense in each of the sentences.
1) Since then, we have gained many benefits from consolidation.
2) In the 19th century stations had to be built at 16 km interval.
3) By the mid 1980s, CSXT had 650 dispatchers at 33 locations.
9. Find in the text the sentences with passives. Change these sentences into passive.
1) A crew member informs a dispatcher about an emergency situation.
2) Wall displays provide a schematic overview of the network.