I. Match English and Russian words.
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a) копать b) запускать c) вбивать d) разработка открытым методом e) усиливать f) бетон g) выравнивание k) смежный l) домкрат m) труба |
II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
1. A single ………. was used to drive each tunnel.
a) pipe
b) cantilever
c) TBM
2. It will house ventilation ………. installed to control smoke in the event of a tunnel fire.
a) sleeper
b) pad
c) plant
3. Great Eastern Railway brick ………. across Millwall Park will remain.
a) baseplate
b) viaduct
c) jack
4. The flat bottom rail is secured by Pandrol clips to prestressed concrete ………. on ballasted sections.
a) sleepers
b) walkway
c) chamber
5. The concrete deck was cast ………. in sections by the balanced cantilever method because of the limited access from below.
a) bentonite
b) in-situ
c) upstand
6. Booking office will be moved into the new station complex, which will also offer good interchange with over 30 bus routs that serve this ………. point.
a) focal
b) slurry
c) halfway
7. The TBM cut through both and walls, using its cutter teeth to remove ………. which had been left unreinforced over the affected area.
a) support
b) concrete
c) slide
8. Excavated ………. was mixed with the slurry and piped to the surface.
a) slab
b) spoil
c) clip
9. The box had been fully excavated and the bottom ………. cast so the 180 tone machine could be jacked through.
a) slab
b) pad
c) drop
10. The station building of the London and Greenwich Railway was dismantled and ………. when the line was extended.
a) diverged
b) exposed
c) relocated
III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
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Mitsui-Nishimatsu is responsible for boring the tunnel.
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The viaducts at Mudchute and Island Gardens will be demolished.
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Tunnel boring machine was launched for the first drive at Cutty Sark station.
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On the viaduct the maximum curve radius was of 100 m.
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Jacking was used to slide four concrete boxes under the track to form a running tunnel and two passengers interchange subways.
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To reduce noise and vibrations where the tunnels pass under the town of Greenwich, the slabs float on steel springs.
Unit 7
The Eresund Fixed Link
From European Railway Review, Autumn 1999, Volume 5, Issue 3
Try to guess from the heading what this text will be about. Then read and check if you were right.
The fixed link between Denmark and Sweden will be completed in less than a year, helping in the development of a single region on both sides of the Eresund.
Tunnel, island and bridge
The Eresund Fixed Link consists of a two-track railway and four-lane motorway connecting Copenhagen and Malmu. With completion anticipated in mid-2000, the link consists of four major elements. From west to east, these are:
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An artificial peninsula at Kastrup, next to Copenhagen Airport on the Danish coast, extending about 430 metres from a coast line. The new airport station has been constructed here. It has been designed to bring trains as close as possible to the air terminal.
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A 4 km tunnel, including 3,150-metre-long immersed tunnel, from Kastrup to an artificial island. The immersed tube tunnel is the longest for both road and rail traffic in the world. Each rail track will have a separate tunnel, and road traffic will also have a tunnel for traffic in each direction, with a central gallery for emergency evacuation and installations. The two railway tunnel bores will be linked by doors at 88-metre intervals. If an accident occurs in one tunnel bore, the other can be used for evacuation and rescue. Each doorway will be provided with an emergency panel with telephone, fire alarm and fire extinguisher. The immersed tunnel is made up of 176-metre-long, 57,000-tone concrete segments which were cast in Copenhagen harbour and sunk in a dredged trench. The last segment was placed in position in January 1999, and the final casting between tunnel elements was completed in March 1999. A tunnel was chosen instead of a bridge for this section of the crossing because of the proximity of the airport.
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An artificial island, known as Peberholm. Like the peninsula at Kastrup, this has been constructed from material dredged from the sea. Peberholm is 4,055 metres long, and lies south of the island of Saltholm.
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A 7·8 km bridge, made up of a main, high bridge and two approach bridges, between the island and Lernacken on the coast of Sweden.
The bridge’s two-level superstructure is fabricated from steel and concrete. The steel girder supports the upper deck, carrying the motorway, and the lower deck for the railway. The railway tracks will be in a concrete trough on the approach bridges, and on a steel deck on the main bridge. The main bridge will have the longest cable-stayed main span in the world for both road and rail traffic.
A 560-metre-long concrete viaduct on Peberholm will divert the motorway traffic from alongside the railway to its position above the railway on the bridge. The bridge will have emergency stairs from the railway deck to the road deck at about 650-metre intervals. The rail deck also has a walkway on both sides of the tracks, so train passengers will be able to escape from a derailed or burning train to the road deck using the walkway and stairs.