Часть 2. Разговорные темы 3 курс

I. Transport (Транспорт)

/. Translate the following expressions into Russian

Movement, network, goods, triad, infrastructure, vehicles, node, terminal, traffic, control, to deal with, policy, tax, to finance, tools, operation, mode, road, railway, airway, waterway, canal, pipeline, seaports, bus, airplane, train, bicycle.

2. Read the text with a dictionary.

Aspects of transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans ("across") and portare ("to carry").

The field of transport has several aspects: loosely they can be divided into a triad of infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, etc.). These transport networks are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). The vehicles generally ride on the networks, such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, airplanes. The operations deal with the control of the system, such as traffic signals and ramp meters, air traffic control, etc, as well as policies, such as how to finance the system (for example, the use of tolls or gasoline taxes).

Modes of transport

Modes are combinations of networks, vehicles, and operations, and include walking, the road transport system, rail transport, ship transport and modern aviation.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is transportation?

2. What are the aspects of transport?

3. How are the transport networks used?

4. What do the vehicles do?

5. What do operations deal with?

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4. Compare transport modes in the World

Worldwide, the most widely used modes for passenger transport are the Automobile (16,000 bn passenger km), followed by Buses (7,000), Air (2,800), Railways (1,900), and Urban Rail (250).

The most widely used modes for freight transport are Sea (40,000 bn ton km), followed by Road (7,000), Railways (6,500), Oil pipelines (2,000) and Inland Navigation (1,500).

	EU 15	USA	Japan	World
GDP (PPP) per capita (€)	19,000	28,600	22,300	5,500
Passenger km per capita
Private Car	10,100	22,700	6,200	2,700
Bus/ Coach	1,050	870	740	1,200
Railway	750	78	2,900	320
Air (domestic except World)	860	2,800	580	480