Часть 3. Контрольная работа №3

Чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу №3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса.

1. Глагол. Формы времени и залога. Модальные глаголы.

2. Видо-временные формы глагола страдательного залога.

3. Простое распространенное предложение (прямой порядок слов повествовательного и побудительного предложений в утвердительной и отрицательной форме). Порядок слов вопросительного предложения.

Вариант 1

1.Образуйте формы инфинитива страдательного залога и переведите их.

Образец: to do - to be done - быть сделанным

To bring , to translate, to send, to offer, to make, to speak, to tell, to say, to build, to use, to advise, to break, to give.

2. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив модальные глаголы, переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов в конструкциях страдательного залога.

Образец: Cargo is protected from contact with water (should). Cargo should be protected from contact with water. Груз должен быть защищен от контакта с водой.

I. Broken dunnage materials are avoided (should). 2. Previously laid dunnage is broken up by cargo packages of different shapes (may). 3. The use of dunnage of retaining the odour of a previous cargo is avoided (should). 4. Double dunnage is also laid (should). 5. A general cargo is dunnaged efficiently almost with any types of wooden boards or battens provided they fulfil the requirements of cleanliness (may).

3. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите весь текст.

CRANES

Cranes are machines that not only lift heavy objects but also shift them horizontally. Cranes have come into their present widespread application since the introduction of steam engines, internal-combustion

engines, and electric motors, beginning in the 19th century. In form, cranes are classified as jib, derrick, or bridge. A jib crane carries a horizontal jib or beam at the top of a vertical pillar. Horizontal motion of the load can be obtained by rotation of the jib or of the entire crane or by carrying the hoisting tackle over a movable trolley. This trolley runs on the beam. The derrick crane, or derrick, is of cantilever design. It consists of a boom, hinged at the base to the bottom of a vertical mast. The boom is supported at the tip by tackle from the top of the mast. The mast is braced or counterweighted to keep it from collapsing toward the boom. Horizontal motion is obtained by rotating the derrick and by luffing. Luffing is raising or lowering, the boom. A bridge crane consists of a horizontal beam. The beam runs on tracks at both ends for longitudinal motion and carries a trolley running on the beam for lateral motion. The ordinary bridge crane runs on elevated tracks. The gantry crane is mounted on legs that run on (racks at ground level.