III. Materials handling equipment (Грузо-обрабатывающее оборудование)
1. Translate the following expressions into Russian.
Handling, to move, quantity, retail store, production facility, concern, speed, cost, equipment, size, shape, volume, weight, truck, conveyor, crane, forklift truck, aid, assists, heavy, slow, fatiguing, hand-powered platform, towing tractor, capacity, aisle, to power, manually, bulky, route, gravity-feed, power-feed, hand, steam, internal-combustion engine, electric motor, jib, derrick, bridge.
2. Read the text and translate.
Materials handling equipment
Product, or materials, handling is moving small quantities of goods over short distances. It is an activity that takes place in warehouses, production facilities, and retail stores, and also between transportation modes. The concern is to move the goods with speed and low cost. A variety of mechanical equipment is available for handling a wide range of product sizes, shapes, volumes, and weights. The more popular types of materials handling equipment are (I) trucks, (2) conveyors, and (3) cranes.
The forklift truck is the most popular of the mechanical materials- handling aids. Trucks are mechanical assists for moving materials that if moved by hand would be too heavy, too slow, or too fatiguing. These trucks range from hand-powered platforms to towing tractors. Normal variations of the forklift truck include (1) its lifting capacity, (2) its lifting height, (3) whether it can operate in narrow aisles, (4) how it is powered (manually or by mechanical power), and (5) the speed with which it moves.
3. Next in popularity is the conveyor for small, bulky items. Conveyors are particularly useful for moving high-volume items along a fixed route. There are two main types of conveyors: Gravity-feed and power-feed. Crane is a machine for moving heavy objects both vertically and horizontally. Cranes range in capacity from a few hundred pounds to several hundred tons. Motive power may be furnished by hand, by steam or internal-combustion engines, or by electric motors. In form, cranes are classified as jib, derrick, or bridge.
3. Answer the questions:
What is product handling?
What is the concern of materials handling?
What are the popular types of materials handling?
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What is truck?
What variations of trucks do you know?
What are conveyors used for?
What is crane?
How are they classified?
4. Read and translate the following word combinations.
Capacity, pound, motive power, steam, internal-combustion engine, jib, derrick, bridge, beam, pillar, to rotate, trolley, cantilever, mast, to counterweight, to brace, to run, to mount, gantry crane, elevated tracks.
5. Read the text, make up an annotation and note down the types of cranes mentioned.
The most prominent component of derrick cranes is the jib, or boom. It is a long beam that is structurally reinforced so that it will not bend. A traveling jib crane is a crane in which the pulley system is suspended from a trolley, or wheeled carriage, moving along the length of the jib. Such traveling cranes usually have lifting capacities of from 5 to 250 tons. A potentially more powerful derrick is the floating crane. It is built on a barge for such purposes as constructing bridges or salvaging sunken objects.
The cantilever crane used in the construction of ships and tall buildings has a horizontal boom. This boom rests upon and can rotate about a vertical mast. A cantilever crane is commonly used in shipyards.
Bridge crane is another important class of cranes. The pulley system is suspended from a trolley. It moves on tracks along one or two horizontal beams. These beams are called the bridge and are supported at both ends. The bridge itself can move along a pair of parallel rails. The crane can serve a large rectangular area. A circular space can be served by a rotary bridge crane. The overhead traveling crane is a bridge crane for which the rails are mounted above the level of the ground or floor. Overhead traveling cranes are commonly used indoors. If the construction of overhead rails is impracticable, the ends of the bridge can be attached to upright towers. These towers move on rails at the ground level. Such cranes are called gantry, or goliath, cranes.
5. A commonly used type of small movable crane is the truck crane. This is a crane mounted on a heavy, modified truck. Such cranes frequently use unsupported telescoping booms. Truck cranes make up in mobility and ease of transport but they lack in hoisting capacity.
6. Look at the pictures of the cranes and define their types.
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7. Read
the text A) think of the most suitable heading, B) write a
summary
of
the text.
A forklift truck (often just called forklift) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials by means of steel forks inserted under the load. Forklifts are most commonly used to move loads stored on pallets.
A pallet is a flat transport structure made of wood or plastic (and in a few cases metal and paper) which can support a variety of goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by any mobile forklift or other jacking device. The goods are placed on top of the pallet, and can be secured to it by straps or stretch-wrapped plastic film. A pallet is sometimes colloquially called a skid, by back-formation from skid loader.
The forklift was developed in the 1920s by various companies including the transmission manufacturing company Clark (today known as Clark Material Handling Company) and the hoist company Yale & Towne Manufacturing (Today known as Yale Materials Handling Corporation. It has since become an indispensable piece of equipment in many manufacturing and warehousing operations.
8. Write a summary of the text and think of the suitable heading.
Развитие мировой экономики на современном этапе характеризуется интенсивными интеграционными процессами. Логистика учеными и специалистами рассматривается как развивающаяся сфера экономики и новое научное направление.
При построении Логистики системный подход находит свое выражение в объединении процессов снабжения, производства, транспорта, распределения и потребления. Техническая база логистики - это современная информатика и вычислительная техника. В реализации принципов логистики скрыты огромные потенциальные возможности повышения эффективности экономики и транспорта. Существенным элементом логистики, от которого зависит надежное функционирование всей логистической системы, является транспортная логистика. Движение материальных потоков обеспечивает объединение процессов снабжения, производства и потребления в единую систему.
Объектом изучения новой научной дисциплины «логистики» являются материальные и связанные с ними информационные и финансовые потоковые процессы. Широкое применение логистики в практике хозяйственной деятельности объясняется необходимостью сокращения временных интервалов между приобретением сырья и поставкой товаров конечному потребителю. Логистика позволяет
минимизировать товарные запасы, а в ряде случаев вообще отказаться от их использования, позволяет существенной сократить время доставки товаров, ускоряет процесс получения информации, повышает уровень сервиса.