- •The verb
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. The Classification of Verbs
- •§ 3. The Grammatical Categories of the Verb
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Indefinite
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Indefinite
- •In demonstrations, instructions, commentaries and itineraries.
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Continuous
- •An action in progress
- •A temporary characteristic of a person
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Perfect
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Perfect
- •A series of actions which have happened up to now and can be continued
- •An action completed before a definite moment in the future
- •An action which began in the past and is still in progress
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Present Perfect Continuous
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Indefinite
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Indefinite
- •An action performed in the past
- •A general characteristic of a person in the past
- •An action in progress at a definite moment in the past or a past state
- •A succession of past actions
- •A repeated action in the past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Continuous
- •An action in progress at a definite moment in the past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Perfect
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Perfect
- •An action completed before a definite moment in the past
- •An action prior to another past action
- •An action which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to that moment and was still in progress at that moment
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Past Perfect Continuous
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Indefinite
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Indefinite
- •A future action or an official arrangement
- •A prediction based on our opinion or past experience
- •A polite inquiry
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Continuous
- •An action in progress at a definite moment in the future
- •A fixed arrangement seen as a part of routine
- •An anticipated future action
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect
- •An action completed before a definite moment in the future
- •An action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect Continuous
- •An action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Indefinite in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Indefinite in the Past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Continuous in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Continuous in the Past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect in the Past
- •§ 1. The Formation of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
- •§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. The Formation of the Passive Voice
- •§ 3. The Ways of Translation of the Passive Voice into Ukrainian
- •Combinations of the verb бути with the Past Participle Passive
- •§ 4. The Use of the Passive Voice
- •Informal English
- •Formal notices and announcements
- •Press reports
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. The Rules of the Sequence of Tenses
- •§ 3. The Exceptions to the Rules of the Sequence of Tenses
- •§ 1. The General Notion
- •§ 2. Tense, Time, Pronoun and Place Changes
- •§ 3. Indirect Statements
- •§ 4. Indirect Questions
- •§ 5. Indirect Orders and Requests
- •§ 6. Indirect Offers, Suggestions and Advice
- •§ 7. Indirect Exclamations
- •§ 8. Greetings and Leave-taking
- •§ 9. Modal Verbs
- •§ 10. The Subjunctive Mood in Indirect Speech
- •Exercises the verb
- •The present indefinite
- •The present continuous
- •The present perfect
- •The present perfect continuous
- •The past indefinite
- •The past continuous
- •The past perfect
- •The past perfect continuous
- •The future tenses
- •The passive voice
- •The sequence of tenses direct and indirect speech
- •Revision exercises
- •The table of irregular verbs
- •Bibliography
§ 2. The Use of the Future Perfect Continuous
We use the Future Perfect Continuous to denote:
An action which begins before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will still be in progress at that moment
This use of the Future Perfect Continuous we call the Future Perfect Continuous Inclusive.
The preposition FOR denotes the whole period of duration of the action.
The adverbials by that time, (by) next week, (by) next Sunday, by the time he comes, when he comes, when she is 20, before she gets home, etc. denote a definite moment in the future.
E.g. I will have been studying at the University for a year by next September.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FUTURE INDEFINITE AND |
TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE |
The Future Indefinite |
TO BE GOING TO + Infinitive |
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E.g. He will meet us at the station at 5 tomorrow. |
E.g. He’s going to meet us at the station at 5 tomorrow. |
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E.g. He’s careless. Don’t give him your car. Once he broke mine and he’ll break yours too. |
E.g. He’s careless. Look how he’s driving. He’s going to break your car! |
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FUTURE INDEFINITE AND |
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS |
The Future Indefinite |
The Future Continuous |
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E.g. ‘Can you borrow that book for me?’ ‘Sorry, I can’t.’ ‘Well, I’ll do it myself.’ |
E.g. ‘I can borrow that book for you.’ ‘Oh, it’s OK. Please don’t trouble yourself. I’ll be going to the library anyway.’ |
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E.g. When will you make a decision? |
E.g. When will you be making a decision? |
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FUTURE PERFECT AND |
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS INCLUSIVE |
The Future Perfect |
The Future Perfect Continuous Inclusive |
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E.g. She’ll have translated the text by that time. |
E.g. She’ll have been translating the text for half an hour by that time. |
THE WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE ACTIONS |
TENSE FORM/EXPRESSION |
MEANING |
EXAMPLE |
The Present Indefinite |
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Their plane lands at 5 o’clock in the morning. |
The next meeting is on 2nd August. |
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He’ll call you when he gets to the place. |
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If she comes back, let me know. |
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The Present Continuous |
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We’re leaving from Heathrow airport at 7.30 p.m. |
The corporation is opening three new overseas offices next month. |
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I’ll be mowing the lawn while she is cooking lunch. |
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GOING TO/GONNA + Infinitive |
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We’re going to leave next morning. |
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The sky is overcast. It’s going to rain. |
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The Present Perfect |
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I’ll help you only after I’ve done the cleaning. |
The Future Indefinite |
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The conference will begin on 12th November. |
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Next month I’ll be 17. |
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Don’t you know? Our team’s playing. The stadium will be full on Sunday. |
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‘Someone’s knocking at the door.’ ‘OK, I’ll answer it.’ |
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The Future Continuous |
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She will be working in the lab from 5 till 7 tomorrow. |
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Professor Johnson will be giving another lecture next week. |
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‘Shall I borrow that book for you?’ ‘Please don’t trouble yourself. I’ll be going to the library anyway.’ |
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Will you be using you camera this week? I’d like to borrow it. |
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The Future Perfect |
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Come at 6. I’ll have translated the text by that time. |
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I’ll have known her for ten years by next June. |
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The Future Perfect Continuous |
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We’ll have been studying English for seven years by next September. |
TO BE TO + Infinitive |
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Two men are to appear in court on charges of armed robbery on 15th January. |
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You are to do Exercise 7 in writing. |
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TO BE DUE TO + (Infinitive) |
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Carriageway repairs are due to start on 27th May. |
The BA 748 is not due (to arrive/land) till 14.25. |
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TO BE ABOUT TO + Infinitive |
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Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats. The concert is about to start. |
TO BE ON THE POINT/VERGE OF + Infinitive/Noun |
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She was on the point of saying something but changed her mind. |
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Some species of birds are on the verge of extinction. |
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TO BE LIKELY TO + Infinitive |
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Parents are unlikely to come back before nine. |
TO BE SURE/BOUND/CERTAIN TO + Infinitive |
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She’s sure to like Bob when she sees him. |
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You’re bound to fail if you go on like that. |
NOTE. Some verbs have the meaning of futurity even if they are not used in a future form. They are as follows: to anticipate, to expect, to hope, to intend, to plan, to predict, to promise, to swear, etc.
E.g. We expect him to come at 6.
I hope to see all of you at my place.
Most of the students intend to continue their education abroad.
‘I'll be back by 1.00.’ ‘Promise?’ ‘Yes! Don't worry.’
Do you swear never to do it again?
THE FUTURE TENSES IN THE PAST |
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THE FUTURE INDEFINITE IN THE PAST |
(THE FUTURE SIMPLE IN THE PAST) |