- •Основы mice туризма
- •Санкт-Петербург
- •Содержание
- •Contents
- •Historical background
- •International organizations
- •The demand side of business travel and tourism
- •The geography of demand
- •Individual cities and business travel and tourism
- •Conclusion
- •The impacts of business travel and tourism
- •The economic impact of business travel and tourism
- •Positive
- •Negative
- •The environmental impacts of business travel and tourism
- •Positive
- •Negative
- •The social impacts of business travel and tourism
- •Positive
- •Negative
- •Impacts and different types of business travel and tourism
- •Impacts on different sectors in business travel and tourism
- •Impacts and different types of destinations
- •Conclusion
- •Discussion points and essay questions
- •Exercise
- •Types of business travel sector activities
- •Types of meetings
- •Meeting styles
- •Meeting frequency options
- •Suppliers
- •Venue selection criteria
- •Chapter 3.2. Conferences: classification, types. Destinations
- •Public Conferences
- •Conferences with Exhibitions
- •Internal Company Meetings
- •Virtual Conferences
- •Chapter 3.3. Exhibitions: classification, types. Destinations
- •Trade fairs in history
- •Contemporary trade fairs
- •Moral incentives
- •Forms of incentives
- •Incentive travel
- •Intermediaries
- •Organisation of incentive programmes
- •Destinations
- •Chapter 5. Intermediaries. Extra services.
- •Business travel professionals
- •Overview of Global Reservation Systems Tomorrow – Today
- •Galileo - Computerised Reservation System
- •Exercise Search the Internet data and prepare presentation about other global e-reservation systens Chapter 7. Recruitment. Education. Certification.
- •Training programs
- •International Association of Professional Congress Organizers (iapco)
- •Mpi has also pioneered the provision of training and personal development materials via the Internet.
- •Chapter 8. The future of mice-tourism: analysis, problems, tendencies
- •Mice tourism in Africa
- •Mice tourism in America
- •Mice tourism in Middle East Region
- •The future of the industry
- •Conference planning guidelines
- •Preamble
- •Congratulations!
- •General
- •Permission
- •Set a Date
- •Organize
- •Reserve Rooms
- •Program
- •Promotions
- •Housing
- •Management Tools
- •Vendor Displays
- •Conference Materials
- •Name Tags
- •Equipment and Support
- •Computers
- •Entertainment
- •Summary
- •Кафедра профессионального иностранного языка
- •Основы mice-туризма
- •Специальность 080502(8) – Экономика и управление на предприятии туризма и гостиничного хозяйства
- •Санкт-Петербург
- •4. Содержание разделов и тем дисциплины
- •Контрольные вопросы
- •1. Introduction to business travel
- •• Discuss the main impacts of business travel, as well as the major opportunities, challenges and threats affecting this industry.
- •2. Individual business travel
- •• Describe responses by individual business travel suppliers and intermediaries to changes in demand and in their operating environments.
- •3. The meetings industry
- •4. Incentive travel
- •5. The exhibitions industry
- •6. Corporate hospitality
- •7. The business and pleasure interface
- •Итоговой тест
- •Introduction to business travel
- •Match the words below with their definitions:
- •Individual business travel
- •The Meeting industry
- •Incentive travel
- •The exhibition industry
- •Corporate hospitality
Positive
-
Income for destination sand individual enterprises
-
The creation of jobs
-
The generation of tax revenue for local and central government
-
The multiplier effect of business tourist expenditure within the local economy
-
The potential stimulation of inward investment
-
The injection of foreign currency where the business tourists are foeign
Negative
-
The need for public funding or subsidies for the development and management of facilities such as convention and exhibition centres
-
Opportunity costs where communities spend money on facilities and services to attract business tourists,
-
Where the money could have been used for other purposes such as health and education
-
Possible costs caused by congestion if there are too many business tourists
However, we need to recognize that the picture is not always as positive as it may at first appear. For example:
1 Most of the expenditure goes to hotels and transport operations, many of whom may not be locally owned, within the destination.
2 Local taxpayers who are not employed in the business tourism sectors, may be net losers for they will receive no tangible income from business tourist but their taxes may, for example, be used to fund a new convention centre.
3 Business tourists often do not pay the full cost of their trip, for when they attend conferences or exhibitions at publicly owned venues, the venue may not even charge for the use of its facilities. On the other hand, tax income from business tourists can be used to support community projects.
Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that the economic benefits of business tourism are positive in most places.
Sadly, economic impact data is not collected frequently enough to allow the authors to provide an up-to-date picture.
The environmental impacts of business travel and tourism
Business travel and tourism, like leisure tourism, has a great impact on the physical environment. However, it appears that, in general, business travel and tourism is negative in terms of its environmental impacts.
Positive
-
Hotels and convention centers can be created from previously derelict buildings
-
The presence of business tourists and the desire to attract affluent delegates can persuade public authorities to improve the environmental quality and cleanliness of their town or city
Negative
-
Business travellers demand Infrastructure, such as roads and airports, which destroys natural habitats, uses valuable resources and creates pollution
-
Business travel often involves the use of the most environmentally unfriendly forms of transport such as the private car and aircraft
-
As business travel lets are not usually paying their own bills, they tend to be more wasteful of everything from food to paper
-
Much of the infrastructure such as convention centres and hotels, is built to standard architectural models and does not fit in with local building styles, scale, etc.
-
Incentive travel groups can cause damage to the fragile environments which are sometimes the location for their programmes
On the other hand some suppliers such as airlines and hotels have been tackling these issues in recent years. For example, British Airways has pursued a proactive policy on all environmental aspects of its operations and we have seen hotel industry initiatives such as the International Hotels Environmental Initiative. As many clients of these organizations are business tourists these initiatives are clearly helping to reduce – a little – the negative environmental impacts of business travel and tourism.
However, normally, such initiatives seem not to be about tackling the impacts of business tourists fundamentally but, rather, about budget savings for the companies.
Several trends are making the future look rather bleak in terms of reducing the negative environmental impacts of the transportation of business tourists. For example:
1 The lowering of air fares, in real terms, which is encouraging organizations to organize conferences and incentive travel packages thousands of kilometres from their clients’ home areas, thus causing more pollution, over a wider area.
2 Business people are still often given a car as part of their remuneration package, which encourages them to travel by car. This is made worse by the fact that a business person’s status is often judged by the size of their car and bigger cars usually do more harm.
Finally, business tourists could be seen as being even worse than leisure travellers in terms of negative environmental impacts, because they travel more frequently.