He is heir to a rich manufacturer.

Apposition: Margaret, daughter of a history professor, was work- ing as secretary to a Labour member. But usually we find the definite article here, e.g. Predicative: She was the wife of a local tradesman.

One of these young men was the son of an eminent writer.

Apposition: Ann, the daughter of the landlady, cooked break- fast, for the boarders.

Then I was introduced to Charles March, the nephew of our host.

Note. On the whole, with the nouns son and daughter used predicatively or in apposition we find the following three variants:

a. She is the daughter of a doctor {which is the most common variant express- ing mere relationship).

b. She is a daughter of a doctor (which expresses the idea that the doctor has more than one daughter, the variant is not used unless this idea becomes im- portant).

с She is daughter of a doctor (which describes the social position of the person in question).

c) when nouns used predicatively serve to denote a certain characteristic of the person indicated by the subject. The noun predicative is usually followed by enough here. (This case is not found with nouns in apposition.)

e.g. He isn't fool enough to believe that sort of thing. She is woman enough to understand it.

d) when predicative nouns are used in clauses of concession with inverted word-order.

e.g. Child though she was, she had suffered much. Boy as he was, he was chosen their leader.

Constructions of this kind are characteristic only of literary style.

Note. There is no article with the predicative noun in the phraseological units to turn traitor, to turn pirate, to turn miser.

§ 24. In English there are a number of verbs which in the Ac- tive Voice require the use of nouns as objective predicatives (a) and in the Passive Voice — as subjective predicatives (b).

e.g. a) They thought him a prig.

They named the child John. b) He was thought a prig. The child was named John.

The number of verbs which can be used in sentences con- taining an objective or a subjective predicative expressed by a noun is limited. The most commonly used of them are: to appoint, to call, to choose, to elect, to fancy, to imagine, to make, to name, to think.

Note. There are a number of other verbs requiring the same construction but they belong to literary style. Some of these verbs may be used both in the passive and active constructions; others occur only in one of them.

The use of articles with nouns which serve as objective (a) and subjective (b) predicatives is similar to that of predicative nouns and nouns in apposition (see "Articles", § 23).

e.g. a) They appointed him a member of the delegation.

We elected him an honorary member of the Committee. He fancied her the most wonderful woman in the world. They chose him chairman of the Society. They appointed him secretary of the new Committee. b) He was appointed a member of the delegation.

He was elected an honorary member of the Committee. She was thought the most impudent little flirt in London. He was chosen chairman of the Society. He was appointed secretary of the new Committee.

Note. In the sentences They took him prisoner and He was taken prisoner, They called him names and He was called names we are dealing with set phrases.