- •Белорусский государственный университет Кафедра английского языка гуманитарных факультетов
- •Абрамчик е.Ф., Поваляева в.Н., Турляй л.П., Козел л.А.
- •History as a Science
- •Preview
- •Text 1. Understanding History
- •Text 2. How do We Know?
- •Text 3. Examining Archaeology
- •Text 4. Museum – Source of Knowledge and Impressions
- •Polydialogue. The University-wide Open Days
- •The usefulness of archives
- •Video. Dartmoor National Park
- •Vocabulary
- •Follow-up
- •Vocabulary
- •Follow-up
- •Vocabulary
- •Before you view
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension tasks
- •Follow-up
- •Writing tasks
- •Finally …
- •Unit 2 first steps toward civilization
- •Text 1. The Early Accomplishments of Homo sapiens
- •Text 2. Setting the Stage for Civilization: The Origins of Food Production
- •Text 3. The Gradual Transition From Food Gathering To Food Production
- •Text 4. The Transition to a Sedentary Way of Life
- •Ex. 1. Translate the text into English.
- •Unit III classical civilization. Ancient greek culture
- •Text 1. The ancient Greeks
- •Text 2. The Evolution of Democracy
- •Text 3. Sparta and Athens
- •Text 4. The Age of Pericles
- •The economy of Athens
- •Text 5. Religions and sports festivals
- •Text 6. Greek Drama
- •Text 7. The Spread of Greek Culture
- •The Golden age of Greek Theatre
- •The tragedy form
- •Александрия
- •Unit IV ancient rome and its socio-political development. The roman empire
- •Text 1. The Rise Of The Republic
- •Text 2. Overseas Expansion
- •Text 3. The Fall Of The Roman Republic
- •Text 4. Greece and Rome
- •The Birth of Rome
- •Text 5. The Early Empire
- •Text 6. Social Rank in the Empire
- •Text 7. The Roman Economy
- •Rich and Poor
- •Золотой век
- •Unit V rome and the christians
- •Text 1. The Early Christians
- •Text 2. Rome and the Christians
- •Text 3. The Decline of Rome
- •Text 4. The Fall Of Rome
- •The Causes of the Fall
- •Христианство
- •Unit VI the middle ages
- •Text 1. The Middle Ages. Their Classification and General Characteristics.
- •Text 2. Byzantine and Its Influence on Neighboring Countries
- •In the Field of Learning and Religion
- •Text 3. Medieval Europe
- •Text 4. The Spirit of the Renaissance
- •Features of Renaissance Art
- •Ex. 2. Translate the text into English. Феодальная система в Западной и Центральной Европе
- •Discussion
- •Text 1. Primordial Belarus – From Forest Tribes to the Decline of Polatsk
- •Text 2. The Development and Flourishing of Great Lithuania
- •Text 3. Belarus after Vitaut: its Golden Age and Decline
- •Text 4. Belarus after the Third Division of Rech Paspalitaya
- •Dialogue Travelling Broadens the Mind
- •B. Some old and Rare Books in the Francisk Skaryna Library in London
- •Part III
- •Britain
- •Preview
- •Reading Text 1. Primitive Society on the territory of the British Isles
- •The Earliest Men
- •The Celts
- •The Primitive Communal System
- •Word Check
- •Comprehension
- •Text 2. The British Empire
- •Text 3. Economic and Social Changes
- •In England in the 18th and 19th Centuries
- •Text 4. Modern Britain. Stability and Change.
- •Rich and Poor
- •Unit II american continet:
- •Its first civilizations and colonies.
- •Text 1. From Early People to Colonies.
- •Text 2. Colonization of America. War For Independence
- •Discussion
- •Text 3. Constitution. Bill of Rights.
- •Comprehension
- •Word Check
- •Ex. 2. Discuss which of them one can find in a) democratic society
- •Text 2. The European Union Read the text and say in a few words the main points of the text
- •Text 3. United Nations Read the text and assimilate its information
- •Security Council.
- •Translation
- •Unit II outstanding people
- •Text 1. The “Father of History”
- •Text 2. Alexander the Great and his Influence
- •Text 3. Elizabeth I.
- •Text 4. John Fitzerald Kennedy.
- •Contents
Text 3. Elizabeth I.
Read the text and answer the question: What is the reign of Elizabeth I noted for?
Elizabeth I was born in 1533 to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Although she entertained many marriage proposals and flirted incessantly, she never married or had children. Elizabeth, the last of the Tudors, died at seventy years of age after a very successful forty-four year reign.
Elizabeth inherited a tattered realm: dissension between Catholics and Protestants tore at the very foundation of society; the royal treasury had been bled by Mary and her advisors. Mary’s loss of Calais left England with no continental possessions for the first time since the arrival of the Normans in 1066 and many (mainly Catholics) doubted Elizabeth’s claims to the throne. Continental affairs added to the problems – France had a strong footland in Scotland, and Spain, the strongest western nation at that time, posed a threat to the security of the realm. Elizabeth proved most calm and calculating ( even though she had a horrendous temper) in her political acumen, employing capable and distinguished men to carrying out royal prerogative.
Her first order of business was to eliminate religious unrest. Elizabeth lacked the fanatism of her siblings, Edward VI favored Protestant radicalism, Mary I, conservative Catholicism, which enabled her to devise a compromise that, basically, reinstated Henrician reforms. She was, however, compelled to take a stronger Protestant stance for two Reasons: the machinations of Mary Queen of Scots and persecution of continental Protestants by the two strongholds of Orthodox Catholicism, Spain and France. The situation with Mary Queen of Scots was most vexing to Elizabeth. Mary, in Elizabeth’s custodity beginning in 1568 (for her own protection from radical Protestants and disgruntled Scots), gained the loyalty of Catholic factions and instituted several failed assassination / overthrow plots against her cousin, Elizabeth. After irrefutable evidence of Mary’s involvement in such plots came to light, Elizabeth sadly succumbed to the pressure from her advisors and had the Scottish princess executed in 1587.
The persecution of continental Protestants forced Elizabeth into war, a situation which she desperately tried to avoid. She sent an army to aid French Huguenots (Calvinists who had settled in France) after a 1572 massacre wherein over three thousand Huguenots lost their lives. She sent further assistance to Protestant factions on the continent and in Scotland following the emergence of radical Catholic groups and assisted Belgium in their bid to gain independence from Spain. The situation came to head after Elizabeth rejected a marriage proposal from Philip II of Spain; the indignant Spanish King, incensed by English piracy and forays in New World exploration, sent his much-feared Armada to raid England. However, the English won the naval battle handily, due as much to bad weather as to English naval prowess. England emerged as the world’s strongest naval power, setting the stage for later English imperial designs.
Elizabeth was a master of political science, She inherited her father’s supremacist view of the monarchy, but showed great wisdom by refusing to directly antagonize Parliament. She acquired undying devotion from her advisement council, who were constantly perplexed by her habit of waiting to the last minute to make decisions. She used the varying factions (instead of being used by them, as were her siblings), playing one off another until the exhausted combatants came to her for resolution of their grievances. Few English monarchs enjoyed such political power, while still maintaining the devotion of the whole English society.
Elizabeth reign was during one of the most constructive periods in English History. Literature bloomed through the works of Spencer, Marlowe and Shakespeare. Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh were instrumental in expanding English influence in the New World. Elizabeth’s religious compromise laid many fears to rest. Fashion and education came to the fore because of Elizabeth’s penchant for knowledge. Courtly behaviour and extravagant dress. Good Queen of Bess, as she came to be called, maintained a regal air until the day she died; a quote, from a letter by Paul Hentzen, reveals the aging queen’s regal nature: “ Next came the Queen in the sixty-fifth year of her age, as we were told, very majestic; her face oblong, fair, but wrinkled; her eyes small yet black and pleasant; her nose a little hooked; her lips narrow…she had in her ear two pearls, with very rich drops…her air stately; her manner of speaking mild and obliging.” This regal figure surely had her faults, but the last Tudor excelled at rising to challenges and emerging victorious.
Ex. 1. Study the words and make sure you know them in English:
постоянно, беспрестанно; разорванный в клочья; спор, разлад; государство; проницательность; позиция; заставлять; восстанавливать; фракция; неопровержимый; разъяренный; набег; ставить в тупик; величественный
Ex. 2. Match the words from column A with those from B and make up the sentences of your own.
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Comprehension
Ex. 1. Say what these dates refer to: 1533; 1568;1587; 1572; 1603.
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences according to the text:
Elizabeth entertained many…
When she came to power she inherited a tattered…
She proved most calm…
… was to eliminate religious…
Elizabeth sadly succumbed…
She sent an army to…
English Queen rejected…
She used the varying factions…
Her reign was during one…
Elizabeth’s religious compromise…
Ex. 3. Put the sentences into the right order as they appear in the text.
Elizabeth’s royal treasury had been bled dry by Mary and her advisors.
After irrefutable evidence of Mary’s involvement in plots came to the light, Elizabeth had the Scottish princess executed in 1582.
She sent an army to aid French Huguenots after a 1572 massacre wherein over 3000 Huguenots lost their lives.
Elizabeth I employed capable and distinguished men to carry out royal prerogative.
The situation with Mary Queen of Scots was the most vexing to Elizabeth.
She rejected a marriage proposal from Philip II of Spain.
The English defeated the Spanish Armada.
Her reign is considered one of the most constructive periods in English History.
English emerged as the world’s strongest naval power.
Elizabeth, the last of the Tudors, died at seventy years of age after a very 44-year reign.
Ex. 4. Give full answers to the following questions:
What dynasty did Elizabeth II belong to?
What was the country like when Elizabeth came to the throne?
What was her first action as the Queen?
Why did she order to execute Mary Queen of Scots?
What was the Queen by religion? Why did England enter the war helping Huguenots?
The English won the naval battle with Spanish Armada, didn’t they? Why?
Why was she considered a master of political science?
Which aspects of her reign were the most prominent?
How long did her reign last?
Discussion
Ex. 1. Discuss in groups the following:
Elizabeth was a master of political science
Elizabeth I and her religious intentions.
Ex. 2. “Elizabethian Era in British History”.