Текст Anglo-Saxon London ( книга для чтения, №4 списка лит-ры)

5. Перевод текста со словарём 40 мин

THE HEART

The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system. It occupies the mediastinum, and is situated between the lungs. The heart is a powerful muscular organ, hollow in the centre. In shape it is conical. The pericardium is a transparent membrane, which covers the heart and attaches itself to the root of the large blood vessels: it then reflects back, forming a completely closed sac, in which the heart is suspended.

The heart is divided into four cavities: a right auricle and ventricle, a left auricle and ventricle.

The two sides are completely separated from each other by a muscular septum, but the right auricle and ventricle communicate with each other. The same applies to the left side. The left side of the heart is altogether stronger, thicker and more powerful than the right.

The auricles comprise the two upper chambers of the heart. The left auricle occupies the left and posterior part of the base. The right auricle - the right and anterior portion. The right is the larger of the two, although its walls are thinner than those of the left.

Each auricle consists of two parts - a principal cavity and a smaller one, the appendix auricle. Externally, these latter appear as soft ear- shaped structures which lie closely against the base of the heart at each side. When filled with blood they become distended, and so lose their flattened appearance.

The ventricles form the lower and larger cavities of the heart. The right ventricles is triangular in shape, its walls forming the main part of the anterior surface.

Between the left auricle and ventricle is the mitral valve, a structure smaller to the tricuspid valve, but altogether stronger. Passing out of the left ventricle is the aorta. This is the largest artery of the body, it conveys blood to all parts, except the lungs.

At the opening is placed the aortic valve. The structure is similar to that of the pulmonary valve, but stronger.

The inner surface of the heart, including the valves, is covered by a thin transparent membrane - the endocardium.

ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE TRUNK

The aorta is the largest artery of the body, and is situated partly in the thorax, partly in the abdomen. It is divided into three parts - the arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta. It extends from the left ventricle of the heart, on a level with the third left costal cartilage, to opposite the body¹ of the fourth lumbar vertebra, here it divides into two common iliac arteries.

The aorta as a whole, lies in front of the spinal column. It enters the abdomen by passing through the aortic opening of the diaphragm. Towards its lower part it inclines to the left of the midline.

The arch is divided into ascending and transverse parts.

Thoracic aorta goes from the termination of the aortic arch opposite the lower border of the body of the fourth dorsal vertebra (left side) to the level of the body of the twelfth dorsal vertebra. It passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm. The upper part lies to the left of the vertebral bodies, but in the lower part it lies in front of them.

Abdominal aorta goes from the level of the twelfth dorsal to the fourth lumbar vertebra, where it divides into two common arteries.

The Portal system comprises the veins which collect the blood from the digestive organs. The main trunk so formed is named the Portal vein, which brings de-oxygenated blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen and pancreas. This vein is about 3 inches in length, and is the result of union of the superior mesentric and splenic veins, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. The union takes place behind the neck of the pancreas, and in front of the inferior vena cava. The portal vein enters the liver through the transverse fissure, there dividing into two branches to the right and left lobes. These further branch and divide, and as they are traced into the liver, they are seen to be accompanied by small branches from the hepatic artery. Both sets of vessels break up into capillaries - the capillaries of the hepatic artery joining with those of the portal vein, so that the blood of other. The capillaries open into a vein, which joins with the other vein, finally uniting to from the hepatic vein, which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava.

Устный опрос по теме. Вопросо-ответные упражнения 20 мин

Тема №9: “The lungs”.

Время изучения темы: 8 часов (Занятия 16-17)

Цель: Научить использовать активную лексику и грамматику урока для построения устного высказывания на тему: “The lungs ”.

Задачи:

1. .Тренировать лексический минимум.

2. Тренировать грамматический материал.

3. Тренировать навыки перевода текста.

4. Тренировать навыки краткого аннотирования текста

Материал для изучения:

1.Маслова А.М. “Essential English for Medical Students”

2. «Headway» Student`s Book. Intermediate

3. Michael Swan, Catherine Walter. How English Works. A Grammar Practice Book. – Oxford University Press, 1998.

4. Третьяк С.В., Вересина Л.П. English-speaking countries: history and geography. Книга для чтения

Этапы занятий:

1. Аудирование. Пособие “Headway”. Student’s Book. Intermediate. 10 мин

Тема – “A world guide to good manners. Spain.” (New Headway Intermediate, T.29, p. 130)