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Could Modals – past

She could hear him. I couldn’t move.

A bit of theory

Past ability

could

I could hear.

You could hear.

He could hear.

She could hear.

It could hear.

We could hear.

They could hear.

Jane could swim when she was six. (She knew how to swim.)

couldn’t

could not = couldn’t

I couldn’t hear.

You couldn’t hear.

He couldn’t hear.

She couldn’t hear.

It couldn’t hear.

We couldn’t hear.

They couldn’t hear.

I looked for my wallet but I couldn’t find it.

  1. Complete each sentence a) to h) with an ending from 1) to 8).

  1. I didn’t light a fire because …5

  2. I didn’t do my homework because …

  3. I didn’t use the computer because …

  4. I didn’t do the shopping because …

  5. I didn’t go to the doctor’s because …

  6. I didn’t go to the party because …

  7. I didn’t phone Jim because …

  8. I didn’t go to the library because …

  1. I couldn’t find the time.

  2. I couldn’t remember his number.

  3. I couldn’t make an appointment.

  4. I couldn’t understand the instructions.

  5. I couldn’t find the matches.

  6. I couldn’t remember the exercise.

  7. I couldn’t get ready in time.

  8. I couldn’t go to the supermarket.

  1. Complete these sentences. Use can’t or couldn’t + verb from the box.

type see speak find come catch sleep answer understand

1 I’d like to read Jim’s letter. The only problem is I …can’t find… my glasses.

2 Kevin was really tired last night but he …couldn’t sleep…

3 Jane would like to work in an office, but unfortunately she ……………………….. .

4 People said he was a very interesting speaker, but I ……………………….. him.

5 Sue didn’t pass her Maths exam because she …………………………… the questions.

6 I’ve got two tickets for the ballet on Saturday, but unfortunately Frank …………………….. .

7 Maria’s dog ran out of the house and she ………………………… it.

8 A: I’d like to live in Paris. B: Me too, but I …………………. French very well.

9 (at the cinema) Those people in front of me are very tall. I …………………… the screen.

Have got

A bit of theory

The meaning of “have got” depends on the context.

  • Have you got a minute? (I want to talk to you.)

  • Have you got a pen? (I want to borrow it.)

We use:

I have got

you have got

we have got

they have got

  • They have got a big house.

  • Have you got a brother.

  • We haven’t got a car.

But:

He has got

she has got

it has got

  • She has got a flat in Paris.

  • Has he got a sister?

  • It has got a powerful engine.

Tag-questions:

  • You have got a dictionary, haven’t you?

  • He hasn’t got a driving license, has he?

US and some GB speakers prefer “have”

  • Jane has a sports car.

  • We have a computer.

  • Do you have an I-Pad?

Tag-questions:

  • You have a very interesting collection of CD-s, don’t you?

  • He doesn’t have a good memory, does he?

  1. Complete the story about Ruth. Put in has got (’s got), have got (’ve got), hasn’t got or haven’t got.

Ruth si 21. She (1) ..has got.. fair hair and blue eyes. She (2) …………………. two brothers, William and Phillip, but she (3) ……………………. any sisters. Her brothers (4) …………….. brown hair and brown eyes. One of her brothers, Phillip, is married and (5) ……………………. two children, so she’s an aunt. Ruth lives with her parents in an apartment. It (6) ……………… five rooms but it (7) ……………………. a garden. She (8) ………………………. her own room in the apartment. In it she (9) ……………………… her computer and a TV. She (10) ……………… a car but her parents (11) ……………………. one because they can’t drive.

What about you? What have you got? Look at Ruth’s story and them write about yourself.

hair/eyes? …………………………………………………………………………………………..

brothers/sisters/parents etc.? ……………………………………………………………………….

house/apartment? ..............................................................................................................................

computer/car/bicycle/a lot of books etc.? ………………………………………………………….

  1. Write questions. Use have you got, has it got …? etc.

1 MARY: Tim is a good photographer.

PAT: What kind of camera …has he got?...

2 STUART: I’m rich!

VAL: How much money ………………………..?

3 TONY: Kate is going to the dentist this afternoon.

ALICE: ………………………….. toothache?

4 DEREK: Jane and Jim are buying a new house.

PETER: How many rooms ……………………………?

5 DIANA: Tony wants to talk to you.

ALEX: ………………………………. my telephone number?

6 MARTIN: My sister and brother-in-law have been married for six years.

ROSE: …………………………. any children?

7 HELEN: My neighbours love cats.

PAM: How many ……………………………?

8 LAURA: My bag is very heavy.

ADAM: What ………………………………. in it?

  1. Put in has got (’s got), (’ve got). Use the positive, negative or question forms.

1 Those flowers are really beautiful and they’ve got.. a wonderful smell.

2 I must write down John’s telephone number. ………………………….. a pen?

3 Mary works very hard so she …………………….. time for many hobbies.

4 New York …………………………. a very interesting modern art museum.

5 I can’t show you the photographs because I …………………………… them with me.

6 Tigers ………………………….. strange, yellow eyes.

7 ‘What kind of Walkman ……………. Carol ………………?’ ‘A Sony, I think.’