Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
1 курс интенсив GR.doc
Скачиваний:
173
Добавлен:
15.11.2019
Размер:
982.02 Кб
Скачать

Adverbs

Adverbs: formation and position, irregular adverbs

quickly, fast Tom runs quickly. Can you speak more slowly, please? I often go swimming.

A bit of theory

Types of adverbs

Adverbs generally give us more information about an action and tell us how it was done.

Jim wrote the letter quickly.

Forming adverbs

Add -ly to an adjective. Adjectives ending in -y change it to -ily. Adjectives ending in -ic add –ally.

beautiful → beautifully

happy → happily

terrific → terrifically

Position of adverbs

Adverbs usually come after the subject or after the object.

Jim quickly wrote the letter. (Jim is the subject.)

Jim wrote the letter quickly. (The letter is the object.)

• We cannot say: Jim wrote quickly the letter.

• We cannot say: Tom quickly runs.

The adverb goes after the verb.

Tom runs quickly.

Phrases describing place or manner

Jim ran up the stairs.

The adverb goes before the verb, or after the phrase.

Jim quickly ran up the stairs.

Jim ran up the stairs quickly.

Irregular adverbs

adjective good

adverb well

Adverbs which look like adjectives

adverb: My bike can go very fast.

adverb: Helen works hard.

  • Adverbs normally describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or whole sentences.

She dances well. (How does she dance? Well.)

They say how (adverbs of manner - slowly), when (adverbs of time -yesterday), where (adverbs of place - next door), how often (adverbs of frequency - usually) or to what extent (adverbs of degree - absolutely) something happens.

There are also sentence adverbs (possibly etc) and relative adverbs (where, why, when).

Formation of Adverbs from Adjectives

Adverbs are formed from adjectives + -ly. quick → quickly, calm → calmly

  • adjectives ending in consonant + -y → -ily. sleepy → sleepily, weary wearily, weepy → weepily

  • adjectives ending in -ic add –ally. tragic → tragically, frantic → frantically

  • adjectives ending in -le drop -le and add -ly. irritable → irritably, reliable → reliably

  • adjectives ending in -e add ly. false → falsely, but: whole → wholly, true → truly

  • adjectives ending in -ly (elderly, fatherly, friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, motherly, silly, ugly etc) form their adverb with in a(n) … way/manner. in a motherly manner, in a lively way etc.

Adjectives and Adverbs which have the same form

best, better, big, cheap*, clean*, clear*, close*, cold, daily, dead, dear*, deep, direct, dirty, early, easy, extra, far, fast, fine*, free, further, hard, high, hourly, inside, kindly, last, late, long, loud*, low, monthly, past, quick*, quiet*, right, slow, straight, sure, thin*, thick, tight, weekly, well, wide, wrong, yearly etc Ann was our last guest. She came in last.

Those adverbs with an asterisk (*) can be found with -ly ending without a difference in meaning, but then they are more formal. Walk slow! (informal) ALSO Walk slowly! (formal)

  1. Write the adverb form of each adjective.

  1. quick

  2. fast

  3. wonderful

  4. happy

  5. bad

……………………

……………………

……………………

……………………

……………………

  1. special

  2. good

  3. slow

  4. beautiful

  5. sad

……………………….

……………………….

……………………….

……………………….

……………………….

  1. Complete each sentence with an adverb from the box.

beautifully completely freshly frequently greatly happily sincerely specially unbelievably well

  1. All the food in our restaurant is ….freshly…. prepared.

  2. I am grateful for your help.

  3. The head teacher was …. loved by the whole school.

  4. Lidia passed the test because she was ……… prepared.

e) This is a made piece of jewellery.

  1. We made this cake for you.

  2. The game is not finished yet.

h) Buckingham Palace is one of London's visited sights.

i) It is hot today for December!

j) Graham and Jane are a ..................... married couple.

  1. Rewrite each sentence. Use the word underlined to make an adverb.

  1. Jim is a good worker.

Jim works well………………………………….

  1. Ann is a wonderful dancer.

…………………………………………………

  1. David is a slow speaker.

………………………………………………....

  1. Carol is an accurate writer.

…………………………………………………

  1. Tina is a bad singer.

…………………………………………………

  1. Alan is an excellent cook.

…………………………………………………

  1. Kate is a careful driver.

…………………………………………………

  1. Sam is a secret smoker.

…………………………………………………

  1. Ruth is a fast runner.

…………………………………………………

  1. Pablo is a skilful painter.

………………………………………………….

  1. Identify the underlined words as adjectives or adverbs.

1 He felt uncomfortable because his jeans were too tight. …. adjective….

  1. I buy Time Magazine weekly whereas he subscribes to it on a yearly basis. …………….

  2. I couldn't get the book down from the top shelf because it was so high. …………….

  1. If you want to find the post office, go straight down the high street and you'll see it on your left. …………….

  1. Tom constantly arrives late for work. …………….

6 The late Prime Minister was a collector of antiques. …………….

7 The walls were so thin you could hear the next-door neighbours. ……………..

8 He worked hard all day to finish painting the house. ……………..

  1. Complete the sentences with an adjective, an adverb or a noun.

1 John is sometimes a dangerous …driver…. I think he drives …dangerously... when he's in a

hurry.

  1. Pam’s old car was slow but her new one is very ..fast....

  2. James looked when his team won the game.

  3. It rained all day yesterday and the ground was very wet.

  4. Mmmmm, what a wonderful from the kitchen. What are you cooking? I'm

sure it’s going to taste

  1. I think Mrs Burns is a good She taught my children …………………..

  2. David hasn’t got a lot of money so when he goes shopping he always looks ………………… at the prices.

  3. My parents were hard …………………. . They worked all their lives.

9 Jackie did in his test and had to take it again.

10 I spoke to Peter on the telephone this morning. He sounded really ...................................... Someone stole his car yesterday.

  1. Complete the conversation with well or good.

LAURA: You don’t look very (1) ..well.. Are you ill?

DIANA: No, I’m just a bit tired.

LAURA: Did you enjoy the party last night?

DIANA: Yes, it was very (2) .................. . Did you?

LAURA: Yes, very much. John plays the piano really (3) ………………, doesn’t he?

DIANA: Mmmm. I didn’t know he was (4) …………… at the piano.

LAURA: His sister’s a (5) ………………. player too.

DIANA: Was she there last night?

LAURA: No, she wasn’t feeling (6) ………., so she didn’t come. I think she’s got a bad cold.

DIANA: I don’t remember her very (7) ………… . Was she at school with us?

LAURA: Yes, but she wasn’t in the same class.

DIANA: You’ve got a (8) ………… memory!

  1. Choose between the adverb and the adjective given in brackets to complete the sentences.

  1. It is (correct/correctly).

  2. Spell the word (correct/correctly).

  3. You know it (well/good).

  4. Of course it is (well/good).

  5. It is (cold/coldly) in the room.

  6. Don’t look so (cold/coldly) at me.

  7. I can do it (easy/easily).

  8. I always worry if you come home (late/lately).

  9. You are tired. You mustn’t work so (hard/hardly).

  10. She looks just (wonderful/wonderfully) in that new dress.

  11. I can’t hear the actors (well/good) from the last row.

  12. I think it a (real/really) good play.

  13. This soup makes me feel (bad/badly).

  14. The actress is speaking (soft/softly), but I can hear her (clear/clearly).

  15. The roses will (sure/surely) smell (sweet/sweetly).

  16. The victim of the accident looked (helpless/helplessly) across the road.

Word Order of Adverbs

A bit of theory

  • Adverbs can be used in front, mid or end position in a sentence.

Front position is at the beginning of a sentence.

Mid position is normally before the main verb or after the auxiliary.

End position is at the end of a sentence.

Front Mid End

At university I often saw her walking around confidently.

  • Adverbs of manner can go in any position. When placed in front position, they give emphasis. He climbed up the stairs quickly. Quickly he climbed up the stairs. (emphasis)

  • When there is more than one adverb in the sentence, their usual order is manner-place-time. subject verb manner place time She was studying hard in her room all night.

  • When there is a verb of movement, then the order is place – manner – time.

subject verb place manner time He goes to school on foot every day.

  • Time adverbs go in end position. They also go in front position to emphasise the time.

subject + verb place manner time

He goes to the park on his bike every day.

time subject + verb place manner

Every day he goes to the park on his bike.

  • Adverbs of frequency (sometimes, always, usually, never, often, seldom, rarely etc) go after an auxiliary but before the main verb. You are always late. He usually comes late.

They go before the auxiliary in short answers. “Does he help you clean the house?” “Yes, he always does.”

  • Adverbs of degree (hardly, almost, nearly etc) go before the words they modify. She works quite hard.

  1. Rewrite the sentences putting the adverbs in the right place.

  1. He eats his sandwiches. (at break time/always/quickly).

….He always eats his sandwiches quickly at break time….

  1. Birds migrate. (to warmer countries/usually/in winter)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. The plane crashed. (into the sea/suddenly/an hour ago)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Politicians prepare their speeches. (thoroughly/at home/generally/in advance)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. The thief crept into the house. (silently/at midnight)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Newspapers are delivered. (only/weekly/in remote areas)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Hundreds of people are imprisoned. (in Britain/ each year/wrongly)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. People who sunbathe can get burnt. (badly/on the beach/frequently)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

  1. Hotplan’s new washing machine has been designed to save you money. (cleverly/now/in the home) ………………………………………………………………………………..

  2. Staff have been made aware of the consequences of a shrinking market. (rapidly/recently/ fully) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Rewrite the text putting the adverbs into the correct place.