- •Хакасский государственный университет
- •Part II Texts for Supplementary Reading
- •Предисловие
- •The main parts of the computer
- •Using a mouse
- •Lesson 2
- •Word-building (словообразование) (1)
- •Keyboard
- •Windows program keyboard shortcuts
- •Lesson 3
- •Buses and interfaces
- •Word-building (2)
- •Lesson 4
- •Structure (phrases)
- •A) “hardware”
- •B) “data”
- •Lesson 5
- •What is a microprocessor?
- •Pentium, pentium pro, pentium II and pentium III
- •Lesson 6
- •Word-building (3)
- •Lesson 7
- •General dram concepts
- •Structure ( 2)
- •Lesson 8
- •Storage media
- •Word-building (4)
- •Incompatible, unrecoverable, unavailable, unusable, unsuitable, non-removable, non-contiguous, non-volatile.
- •Structure (3)
- •Lesson 9
- •«Ware» terms
- •Section II. Software lesson 10
- •Structure (4) Ex.2 a) Read the sentences and analyze their structure:
- •Programming language generations
- •Lesson 11
- •Word-building (5)
- •What is object-oriented software?
- •Inheritance
- •Object-oriented languages
- •Lesson 12
- •General operating system concepts
- •Wysiwyg – structure (5)
- •Imperative sentences (commands and instructions) :
- •Starting and quitting windows nt
- •2.Using the desktop
- •Ex.5 Translate into English:
- •Ex.6 Say a few words about:
- •Revision (sructure)
- •Lesson 14
- •Ex.3 Translate into English:
- •Config.Sys commands
- •Ex.6 Agree or disagree:
- •Lesson 15
- •Ex.1 Translate the following technologies into Russian:
- •Ex.2 a) Read and translate into Russian:
- •Ex.5 Read and translate into Russian: operating system overview
- •Operating systems and file systems
- •Lesson 16
- •General database concepts
- •Ex.4 Choose the right synonym to the word ‘query’: a) requirement; b) retrieval; c) request.
- •Section III. Networking lesson 17
- •What is a network?
- •How are networks categorized?
- •How does p2p work?
- •Information transmission media
- •Lesson 18
- •Computing network components
- •Ex.10 Read and translate into Russian:
- •Ex.11 Translate into English:
- •Lesson 19
- •The internet
- •Internet protocols
- •Surfing The Net. By Shirley.
- •Lesson 20
- •Basic security and licensing terms
- •How bytes and bits work
- •System case
- •How pci works
- •Motherboard and system devices
- •Graphics adapter
- •How it works
- •System cache
- •Ethernet
- •Traditional ethernet
- •Fast ethernet
- •Gigabit ethernet
- •How a computer virus works
- •General virus types
- •All maliicous codes aren’t viruses
- •Intel software license agreement (Final, Single User) (abstract)
- •Glossary
- •Defragment
- •Device Driver
- •Formatting
- •Operating system
- •Plug-n-Play
- •Program
- •Vesa Local Bus
- •Virtual Memory
- •It Crossword Puzzle
- •Answer keys
- •It Crossword Puzzle
- •List of acronyms and abbreviations
- •1. Terms used in computer field
- •2. Basic abbreviations used in scientific field
- •3.Irregular verbs
- •Bibliography Основная литература
- •Справочная литература
Lesson 16
Text. General Database Concepts.
Ex.1 Read and translate into Russian:
General database concepts
A database is a collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. The most prevalent type of database is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database can be replicated among different points in a network.
Databases contain aggregations of data records or files, such as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventories, and customer profiles. Typically, a database manager provides users the capabilities of controlling read/write access, specifying report generation, and analyzing usage. Databases and database managers are prevalent in large mainframe systems, but are also present in smaller distributed workstation and mid-range systems such as the AS/400 and on personal computers.
ADBMS (database management system), sometimes just called a database manager, is a program that lets one or more computer users create and access data in a database. The DBMS manages user requests (and requests from other programs) so that users and other programs are free from having to understand where the data is physically located on storage media and, in a multi-user system, who else may also be accessing the data. In handling user requests, the DBMS ensures the integrity ([ın´tegrıtı] – целостность, сохранность) of the data and security. The most typical DBMS is a relational database management system. A standard user and program interface is the Structured Query Language. A newer kind of DBMS is the object-oriented database management system.
In IBM's mainframe operating system, the nonrelational data managers were known as access methods.
Structured Query Language is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating a database, such as IBM's DB2, Microsoft's Access, and database products from Oracle, Sybase, and Computer Associates. Queries take the form of a command language that lets you select, insert, update, find out the location of data, and so forth. There is also a programming interface.
Ex.2 Answer the following questions:
What is a database?
What types of databases do you know?
Do databases contain aggregations?
Where are databases and database managers prevalent in use?
How do you understand ‘mid-range’ systems?
Ex.3 Say in other words what the terms ‘integrity’ and ‘security’ mean (in English).
Ex.4 Choose the right synonym to the word ‘query’: a) requirement; b) retrieval; c) request.
Ex.5 Complete the sentences:
The most typical DBMS is …
A newer kind of DBMS …
Ex.6Choose the right variant:
Database Management System: a)система управления базами данных;
b)базы данных управления системой;
с) базы данных системы управления.
2. Structured Query Language: a)язык структурированных запросов;
b)структурированный язык запросов;
c)структурированный запрос языка.
Ex.7 Give the full form to following abbreviation (both in English and in Russian):
OLE
DDE
SQL
DBMS
IRQ
DMA
IBM
Ex. 8 Translate into English:
прерывать
расширение
запрос
внедрять, встраивать
обмен (обмениваться)
целостность/сохранность
редактировать/править
распределенный
хранилище данных
высокоскоростной
вызывать проблемы
однопользовательская (многопользовательская) система
шифрование (шифровать)
разрешение
программа
частная сеть
выделять/выбирать
вставка (вставлять)
тиражировать/дублировать
значение