Ex.10 Read and translate into Russian:
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
The term topology refers to the arrangement or physical layout of computers, cables, and other components on the network.
All network designs have three basic topologies: bus, star and ring.
Bus
The
bus topology is also known as a linear bus. This is the simplest and
most common method of networking computers. It consists of a single
cable called a trunk (also backbone or segment) that connects all of
the computers in the network in a single line.
Computers on a bus topology network communicate by addressing data to a particular computer and putting that data on the cable in the form of electronic signals.
Star
In
the star topology, computers are connected by cable segments to a
centralized component, called ahub.
Signals are transmitted from the sending computer through the hub
to all computers on the network.
The star network offers centralized resources and management. However, because each computer is connected to a central point, it requires a great deal of cable in a large network. Also, if the central point fails, the entire network goes down. If one computer, or the cable connecting it to the hub, fails only the failed computer will not be able to send or receive data.
Ring
The
ring topology connects computers on a single circle of cable. There
are no terminated (to terminate [´tƏ:mıneıt]
– заканчивать,
завершать,
выходить)
ends. The signals travel around the loop on one direction and pass
through each computer. Each computer acts like a repeater.
The failure of one computer can impact (to impact [ım´pækt]
- влиять) the
entire network.
One method of transmitting data around a ring is called token passing. The token is passed from computer to computer until it finds one with data to send. The sending computer changes the token, puts an address on the data, and sends it around the ring. The signal passes each computer until it finds the one with an address matching the address on the data. After verification, the sending computer creates a new token and releases it on the network.
Ex.11 Translate into English:
Расположение, основной, линейный, общий (популярный), магистраль, определенный, передавать, управление, требовать, выходить из строя (давать сбой), получать, посылать, петля (цикл), направление, находить, соответствовать, проверка, создавать, маркер, влиять.
Ex.12 Translate into English:
В топологии «шина» используется один кабель, именуемый магистралью или сегментом, вдоль которого подключены все компьютеры сети.
В кольцевой сети сигналы передаются по кольцу в одном направлении и проходят через каждый компьютер.
При выходе из строя одного компьютера прекращает функционировать вся сеть.
Ex.13 Compare network topologies (in English).
Lesson 19
Text A. The MS Network.
Text B. Internet Protocols.
Ex.1 Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:
(to) offer [´ɔfƏ] – предлагать
(to) expand [ıks´pænd] – расширять
goal [ɡƏul] - цель
(to) achieve [Ə´ʧi:v] – достигать
custom [´kʌstƏm] – заказной, настраиваемый, выборочный
customer – потребитель, заказчик, покупатель
mailbox [´maılbɔks] – почтовый ящик
bulletin [´bulıtın] board– доска объявлений, электронная доска объявлений
chat [ʧæt, ʧʌt] – «беседа»
event [ı´vent] – событие
celebrity [sı´lebrıtı] – знаменитость
(to) add [æd] - добавлять
add-in – добавление, расширение, дополнительный ресурс
benefit [´benıfıt] – польза, выгода, преимущество
online service – онлайновая служба, диалоговая служба
in-depth [ın´depθ] – детальный , тщательный
“newsgroup” [´nju:zɡru:p] – группа новостей, (сетевая теле) конференция
Ex.2 Read and translate the text:
THE MS NETWORK
Online services offer “any time” access to the expanding world of electronic information and communication. Microsoft’s goal is to bring the online benefits to PC users. To achieve this goal, Microsoft created an online service, The Microsoft Network, and included worldwide access to The Microsoft Network.
The Microsoft Network (MSN) will bring all customers easy-to-use access to:
Electronic mail, for sending messages to and receiving them from other MSN members, or anyone with an electronic mailbox on the Internet.
Bulletin boards, for in-depth discussions on a variety of topics, such as hardware or software support from computer companies.
Chat rooms, for online conversations and special events with celebrities or business personalities.
File Libraries, for easy access to images, add-ins, utilities, and programs that can be copied to the user’s PC.
The Internet, for e-mail and “newsgroup” bulletin boards.
In addition, The Microsoft Network offers advanced features such as shortcuts, multitasking, and advanced e-mail services, all presented in a graphical format.
Ex.3 Answer the following questions:
What will the Microsoft Network (MSN) bring all customers access to?
Say in a few words about: a) electronic mail, b) bulletin boards, c) chat rooms, d) file libraries, e) the Internet.
Say what the Internet means for you.
Ex.4 Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:
permission [pƏ´mıʃn] – разрешение, право
research [rı´sƏ:ʧ] – (научно)исследовательский
facility [fƏ´sılıtı] – средство, устройство, оборудование
public [´pʌblık] - общедоступный, открытый, общий
recent [´ri:snt] – недавний, новый
retrieval [rı´tri:v(Ə)l] – доставка, поиск, выборка
vast [va:st] – огромный, большой
by means of –посредством
(to) relate [rı´leıt] – связывать, относить
thereby [´ðεƏ´baı] – таким образом, в связи с этим
(to) underline [ʌndƏ´laın] – подчеркивать
relevant [´relıvƏnt] – относящийся, уместный
(to) correspond [kɔrıs´pɔnd] - соответсвовать
corresponding – соответствующий
(to) seleсt [sı´lekt] – выбирать, выделять
end point – конечная точка
suite [swi:t] – набор
implementation [ˏımplımƏn´teıʃ(Ə)n] – реализация, применение
Ex.5 Read and memorize the following abbreviation:
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) - институт инженеров по электротехнике и электронике
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) - гипертекстовый язык меток/язык разметки гипертекста
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - гипертекстовый протокол передачи/протокол передачи гипертекста
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - протокол передачи файлов
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - протокол управления передачей
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) – унифицированный/универсальный адресатор/ указатель ресурса
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - управление перспективных исследовательских программ
Ex.6 Read and translate into Russian: