Тема 9. Местоимение It

Examples:

1. It is known that a radiotransmitter and a radioreceiver are not connected by electrical wires with each other. – Известно, что радиопередатчик и радиоприемник не связаны между собой электрическими проводами.

2. The purpose of the input hardware is to collect information and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. – Целью устройства ввода является собрать информацию и преобразовать ее в форму, подходящую для компьютерной обработки.

3. It is the energy of burning the fuel that converts water into steam. – Именно энергия, выделяющаяся при сжигании топлива, превращает воду в пар (It+ to be + любой союз).

Task. Translate the following sentences into Russian

А. 1. A computer cannot think for itself, it only operates at high speed according to the instruction it has been given.

2. It was the storage battery that powered all its instruments when it was in the atmosphere of Venus.

3. Although it might take several months to write a single problem, a computer may run through it in a few minutes.

4. It is the flow of current in the conductor of that device which produces a magnetic effect.

5. It has long been known that metals can pass heat and electricity.

6. It was Lomonosov who founded the first Russian university.

7. As to the heat of the reaction it had to be carefully controlled.

8. As for the method, it has yet been used by comparatively few investigators.

9. It was not until 2007 that their suggestion has been substantiated.

10. It was found that the new peak of voltage became 1.7 times as high as before.

B. 1. It would be impossible to predict the paths of satellites, control ballistic missiles in flight, and so on unless there were computers.

2. It is the computer that performs some operations at a great speed because it is based on electronics and operates automatically.

3. It should be mentioned that there are many scientific problems that could not be solved by the methods used in higher mathematics.

4. It is the step-up transformer that should be used to raise the voltage of alternating-current generators.

5. It is expected that these batteries will be of great use in systems that have to operate on weak signals, in particular, in super-long-distance space communications and minute cybernetic instruments.

6. It is only when the bar magnet is moving that the magnetic lines of force are being cut by the wire and e.m.f. is indicated on the voltmeter.

7. It may seem strange that an electromagnet can be very strong with only a weak current flowing in the coil.

8. It follows that the coil must have as many turns of wire as possible unless the magnetic field is heavy enough.

9. The fuel cell is a battery that does not wear out rapidly, does not need recharging and weighs much less, and moreover it is noiseless and can withstand great overloads.

10. A little chemical energy is wasted in a cell, since it is there that chemical energy is converted into electricity in a single process.

11. It is known that a galvanometer is a sensitive instrument used to detect and measure small electrical currents.

12. It has been estimated that more than 25 per cent of the annual production of iron in the USA is consumed in replacing other iron that has been rendered unserviceable by rusting.

13. It was after we had defeated fascist Germany that we could complete rehabilitation of our ruined cities.

14. It was early observed that, although the specific gravity of the earthy product was less than that of the metal, yet there was a much greater bulk of it, and that, in fact, the earthy material weighed more than the original specimen of the metal.

15. The statistical approach is more powerful than the kinetic approach because it gives numerical values of constants which cannot be evaluated by kinetic method.