УП_Баранова_ АЯ_1
.pdfУпражнение 3. Составьте ваши предложения с новыми слова-
ми
а) на английском языке:
to enter, department, a system of teaching, schedule, syllabus, an elective course, to study regularly, to receive Bachelor‟s Degree;
б) на русском языке:
высшее образование, поступить, сдать экзамены успешно, обязательные предметы и курсы по выбору, расписание, программа, самостоятельная работа, выпускник.
Упражнение 4. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.What chief areas is the educational system in Great Britain divided into?
2.Why is the 11plus examination important?
3.What is the higher education represented by?
4.What do Oxford and Cambridge differ from all other universities
in?
5.How is teaching carried out?
6.What is the tutorial system? Who is a tutor?
7.What is the typical academic programme for the university students composed of?
8.What does a “schedule” mean?
9.What do the exams require?
10.How long does the course of study last?
11.What is the difference of the Open University from all the other Universities?
12.Whom do we call a Bachelor of Science?
Упражнение 5. Выделите главную мысль в каждом абзаце текста, письменно составьте план пересказа текста.
Упражнение 6. Составьте диалоги по одной из следующих
тем:
А) встреча российских и британских студентов (сравнить две системы образования);
Б) на международной конференции студентов по программам образования (сравнительный анализ) на основе следующей ситуации:
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“Are you glad that you live in the first half of the twenty first century? Or do you wish you had lived and studied in the past century? If you had studied in the 20th century, for example, do you think you and your studies would have been more enjoyable? What are the advantages of modern higher education and qualified specialists?”
Упражнение 7. Прослушайте диалоги (работа в парах), воспроизведите их.
Dialogue 1. «В библиотеке университета» (Joe – зарубежный стажѐр, библиотекарь).
Joe: We are foreign research students. My first question is how can I find out about the course requirements, lecture and laboratory schedules.
I believe it‟ll be possible for me to take some undergraduate courses.
Librarian: All the information about pre-requisites, prescribed texts, lecture and laboratory time-tables is to be found in the University Calendar. We always have a copy for the current year on desk reserve.
Joe: Please, could you tell me the procedures for finding journal ar-
ticles?
Librarian: We keep copies of the main abstracting journals in the reference section. If you want to find out our holding of a particular journal you will have to use the library computer system.
Joe: OK, thank you.
Dialogue 2. «В библиотеке университета» (Joe – зарубежный стажѐр, библиотекарь).
Joe: Have you got an interloan system at the library?
Librarian: Since you are research students you will be able to use the interloan system, or production of your students‟ library card.
Joe: Please, explain, what these black bars on my library card
mean?
Librarian: They are a bar code, like the universal code on supermarket items. The one on your card is the individual number of your card. When you put your card I front of a card reader, the number is entered into the library computer. When you borrow a book it should have a similar bar code on it. This identifies the book for the computer: the fines for overdue books are steep.
Joe: Steep?
Librarian: Yes, the fines for overdue books are very expensive.
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Joe: Thank you for your information. But I wonder if your catalogue system here is different from the one we use back home.
Librarian: My pleasure. Bye.
Упражнение 8. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1.At the University library the student cards have bar code on them. What else has such codes?
2.What is “a course requirement”?
3.What is the library schedule?
4.In what library section are the copies of the abstracting journals
kept?
5.How does a computer system help to find out books and journal
articles?
Grammar Exercises
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте предложения и переведите их на русский язык, используя Participle I, II.
1. There is a lot of work waiting for me to do. 2. There are some people hurrying to us. 3. Who is the man sitting by the window? 4. Who is the lady standing at the time-table? 5. The cup broken by the man was old. 6. The things packed were winter things. 7. The fruit dried in summer will be eaten in winter. 8. The students taking part in the competition must be here at 4 o‟clock. 9. There were loud voices coming through the door. 10. They were eager to study foreign language taught at the university. 11. It was the work done by the farmers. 12. The test written by Kate is the best.
Упражнение 2. Вставьте вместо пропусков Participle I или Participle II.
1.The students have always been interested in books … (described, describing) different aspect of their future profession.
2.Flight to the Moon … (describing, described) by writers showed that people began to dream of space travel long ago.
3.Which do you know better: pictures … (painting, painted) by modern artists or the artists of the 19th century?
4.Who is the man … (told, telling) something interesting?
5.We watched the train … (steamed, steaming) past.
6.We heard the band … (playing, played) in the park.
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7.I found the papers … (scattering, scattered) by the wind.
8.I heard my name … (calling, called).
9.I found him … (working, worked).
10.I saw the man … (getting off, got off) the bus.
11.She felt somebody … (touching, touched) her shoulder.
12.My task having been … (finishing, finished), I went to visit my
friends.
13.The weather … (being, been) hot, the passengers took off their
hats.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, используя причастие 1 и 2.
1.The system of education in Great Britain is complex, including primary, secondary and higher schools.
2.Having passed the 11plus exam the pupils are sent to one of the secondary schools.
3.John entered the new university, founded since the Second World
War.
4.There are a lot of scientists educated in Cambridge.
5.The tutorial system functions well, using individual tuition.
6.Having studied the traditions of the university, the students kept
them up.
7.The tutor, being responsible for the progress of the students, helps them.
8.The academic programme is interesting, including the elective
courses.
9.Having consolidated knowledge they passed all the exams well.
10.Being part-time students, they worked and studied.
11.The Bachelor‟s Degree is the first scientific degree, received by
a student.
12.Having become a graduate, he continued his education.
Упражнение 4. Измените следующие предложения по образцу,
используя the Nominative Absolute Participle Construction.
Example: As the rain had ruined her hat, she had to buy a new one.
–The rain having ruined her hat, she had to buy a new one.
1.As there was nothing to do, we went home.
2.When the signal was given, the Festival began.
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3.As the lecture was over, the students went to the lab.
4.If the time permits, I shall answer all your letters.
5.As Mary has come from the University, we had dinner.
6.As my sister has been busy, I stayed at home.
7.As they have returned my book, I can work further.
8.As the weather was still cold and windy she was wearing a heavy winter coat.
9.As all was ready, we could go home.
10.As their house was far, she didn‟t go to see them.
Упражнение 5. Измените следующие предложения по образцу,
используя Complex Object.
Example: The students were going to the University. We saw them.
–We saw the students going to the University.
1.She was looking round. Jane saw her.
2.She was watching him. Tom didn‟t see her.
3.Someone was shouting. Eric heard him.
4.Lena was looking at them. They noticed her.
5.My cheeks were going red. I felt them.
6.The gardeners were watering bed of lettuce. Bobby watched
them.
7.I felt that I was doing something useful.
8.I noticed Kate. She was sitting against Freddy‟s chair.
9.I saw Dave. He was standing on the pavement.
10.I heard that a man was playing the guitar.
11.He opened the window. He heard how the birds were singing.
12.Julia saw Kate. Kate was striding across the grass.
Test № 8
The System of Education in Great Britain
Выберите правильный ответ.
1.The system of education consists of: a) two parts; b) three parts; c) four parts.
2.Are the British universities private or state-supported?
a) private; b) state-supported; c) private and state-supported.
3. How many groups are all the British universities divided into? a) two groups; b) three groups; c) five groups.
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4. What do we call Oxbridge?
a) a student; b) a town; c) Oxford and Cambridge. 5. What are the universities based on?
a) colleges; b) farms; c) primary schools.
6.Who is responsible for the students‟ progress at the University? a) parents; b) a tutor; c) a librarian.
7.What is the tutorial system?
a) a system of swimming; b) a system of individual tuition; c) a system of speaking.
8. What do the students need for examinations?
a) to consolidate knowledge; b) extra fee; c) traveling.
9.What does a tutor give recommendations to a student for? a) hobby; b) independent study; c) playing chess.
10.How long does the course of study last at the conventional uni-
versity?
a) 3 or 4 yeas; b) 5 years; c) 6 years.
11.How long does the course of study last at the Open University? a) 3 or 4 yeas; b) 5 years; c) 6 - 8 years.
12.What courses for study can a student choose?
a) electives; b) academic obligations; c) tests.
13.Who is responsible for the tutorials? a) a tutor; b) a Bachelor; c) a Master.
14.When were the new universities founded?
a) since the Second World War; b) in the 19th century; c) 10 years
ago.
15. What is London University?
a) old university; b) redbrick university; c) new university.
Lesson 10
Agriculture of Great Britain
Grammar: неличные формы глагола: герундий; повторение неличных форм глагола
|
Словарный минимум |
Существительные: |
|
breed |
порода |
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cattle |
крупный рогатый скот |
cereals |
хлебный злак |
demand |
потребность, спрос |
egg |
яйцо |
enclosure |
огораживание |
fertilizer |
удобрение |
fruit |
фрукт |
herd |
стадо |
livestock |
домашний скот, поголовье |
market |
рынок |
meat |
мясо |
milk |
молоко |
pasture |
пастбище, выгон |
peasant |
крестьянин |
poultry |
домашняя птица |
rent |
арендная плата |
supply |
снабжение, поставка |
tenant |
фермер-арендатор |
variety |
сорт, вид, разновидность |
vegetable |
овощ |
yield |
урожай |
Глаголы: |
|
account for |
отвечать за |
achieve |
достигать, добиваться |
aim at |
стремиться к |
boost |
поднимать, повышать |
compete for |
состязаться, соревноваться |
depend on |
зависеть |
derive from |
происходить, извлекать |
employ |
нанимать |
grow |
расти, выращивать |
increase |
возрастать, увеличиваться |
obtain |
получать, достигать |
pay |
платить |
sell |
продавать |
undergo |
испытывать, подвергаться |
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use |
использовать |
Прилагательные: |
|
arable |
пахотный |
average |
средний |
consumer |
потребительский |
dairy |
молочный |
pedigree |
племенной |
rapid |
быстрый |
Словосочетания: |
|
to meet the requirements |
удовлетворять потребности |
to be satisfied with |
быть удовлетворѐнным чем- |
|
либо |
Vocabulary Exercises
Упражнение 1. Определите значения следующих английских
слов:
structure, social, productivity, industry, programme, method, leader, historical, tomato, total, prize, collection, computer, information, technique, conference, centre, popular.
Упражнение 2. Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:
1.In Britain medium-sized farms (from 10 to 50 hectares) account
... some 40 % of the total agricultural output.
2.Landlords in Great Britain derive their incomes ... rents.
3.Farming depends ... many physical factors, such as relief, climate
and soil.
4.Sometimes the landowners are not satisfied ... the rents.
5.The farmers are constantly aiming ... improving the quality of agricultural products.
Упражнение 3. Образуйте причастие II от следующих а) правильных глаголов:
to shape, to appear, to turn, to produce, to employ, to involve, to aim, to develop, to allow, to cross, to boost, to cultivate, to increase
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б) неправильных глаголов:
to pay, to lead, to put, to become, to loose, to rise, to undergo, to sell, to grow, to feed, to give.
Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на перевод:
а) причастия I:
the existing social structure of agriculture; following a long tradition; improving farming methods; selling throughout the year; new varieties giving higher crops, the Show attracting everybody's attention
б) причастия II:
research projects aimed at improving machinery; arable crops grown in Britain; million hectares of cultivated land; increased production; plants fed by water rich in nutrients; held annually.
Text. Agriculture in Britain
The existing social structure of agriculture in Britain has been shaped by its historical development. By the end of the 15th century there appeared a peasantry paying rent to their landlords. But many lords and landowners were dissatisfied with the rents, and they tried to get rid of tenants who could not pay more. It led to enclosures – the separation of land from common ground by putting walls or fences or hedges round it. Arable land was turned into pastures for sheep, as wool produced high profits. Wool became Britain‟s most important export for several centuries after this. The direct result of the enclosures movement was the loss of land and jobs for many thousands of peasants that eventually led to the disappearance of peasantry in Britain in the 18th century. Britain became dependant for its food supply on imported agricultural produce.
But nowadays British agriculture is noted for its high level of efficiency and productivity. Employing less than 3% of the population, the agriculture produces nearly two-thirds of Britain‟s food requirements. Britain today is self-sufficient in milk, eggs, potatoes, barley and oats. Also a large proportion of meat and vegetables is home-produced. Home-produced flour, cheese, bacon and ham meet half of the country‟s needs.
Following a long tradition of innovation, Britain is currently involved in a comprehensive programme of research projects aimed at im-
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proving farming methods, machinery and the genetic quality of livestock and crops.
British livestock farmers have developed many of the cattle, sheep and pig breeds with world-wide reputations, such as Aberdeen Angus beef cattle, Romney sheep and Large White pigs. Expertise in this field has allowed Britain to become a world leader in the export of high quality genetic material from donor animals.
In the last 10 years the average milk yield per cow has risen by approximately 1000 litres and stands at more than 5000 litres per year.
About 80% of home-produced milk and 65 % of beef production derive from the national dairy herd, in which the Friesian breed is predominant. Friesian cows are often crossed with other breeds to obtain high
– quality meat. Beef exports have risen steadily in recent years and now account for 17 % of total production. The country has a long tradition of sheep production, with more than 40 breeds. Britain‟s progressive pig industry is responding to consumer demands by producing leaner meat achieved by crossing such breeds as the native Large White and the Landrace. The market for poultry meat - predominantly chicken, turkey and duck - has undergone rapid expansion. Improvements in breeding and husbandry techniques have boosted output, and turkey production, once aimed mainly at the Christmas market, now totals over 25 mln birds selling throughout the year.
Arable crops grown in Britain include cereals (wheat, oats), potatoes, sugar beet and fodder crops (turnip, swede, kale). There are 12 mln hectares of cultivated land under crops (37%) and grass (40%). Britain is now the world‟s sixth largest exporter of cereals. Increased production has been achieved by the introduction of short-stemmed varieties giving higher yields, an increased growing area and a major more into autumnsown crops.
Horticultural crops (fruit, vegetable and flowers) are largely grown on specialized holdings, but some are produced on arable farms. Also popular are English strawberries and Scottish raspberries.
Tomatoes form the most important glasshouse crop, and, together with lettuce and cucumbers, represent some 95% of the total value of glasshouse vegetable output. Glasshouse technology includes the use of automatically controlled heating, ventilation and watering. A recent innovation is hydroponics – a soil-less system of cultivation in which plants are fed by water rich in nutrients.
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