Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)

ПРАВИЛО

Если в главном предложении употреблено какое-либо прошедшее время, то в придаточном не может быть ни настоящего, ни будущего, а только прошедшее или будущее в прошедшем (should, would…)

He asks me where I study. – Он спрашивает, где я учусь. (настоящее время)

He asked me where I studied. – Он спросил, где я учусь. (настоящее время)

Согласование времен в косвенной речи

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
You are pretty. You dance so well. You've got [have got] lovely hair. I'll never forget this day.	He said I was pretty. He said I danced so well. He said I had got lovely hair. He said he would never forget that day.
Do you like ballet? Have you ever been to Boston?	He asked me if/whether I liked ballet. He asked me if/whether I had ever been to Boston.
Where do you study? What are you reading? When will we meet again? Why don't you stay longer?	He asked me where I studied. He asked me what I was reading. He asked me when I should meet him again. He asked me why I didn't stay longer.
Give me your telephone number. Ring me up tomorrow.	He asked me to give him my telephone number. He asked me to ring him up the next morning.

Замена в косвенной речи наречий места, времени и указательных местоимений

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
now – сейчас here – здесь this, these - это, этот, эти today – сегодня tomorrow – завтра yesterday – вчера next year - на будущий год last year - в прошлом году	then – тогда there – там that, those - то, тот, те that day - в тот день (the) next day, the following day - на следующий день the day before, the previous day – накануне the next year, the following year - в следующем году the year before - за год до

Значение и употребление much, many, little, few, a little, a few

	много	мало		немного
much-little-a little употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными	much coffee Do you drink much coffee?	little money They have little money.		a little They have a little money.
many-few-a few употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными	many friends Не has got many friends.	few mistakes She made few mistakes.		a few I've got a few friends.
How much? / How many? Сколько?	How much? с неисчисл. сущ.		How many? с исчисл. сущ.
	How much money have you got?		How many pupils are there here?