BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ALGAE	27

Fig. 1.31 Two prominent phycologists of the twentieth century, Felix Eugen Fritsch (left) and Gilbert Morgan Smith (right). Photograph taken by Ralph Lewin.

Felix Eugen Fritsch Born April 26, 1879, in Hampstead, United Kingdom, died May 23, 1954. Dr. Fritsch was educated at the University of London and the University of Munich where he received his Ph.D. From 1902 to 1911, he was an assistant professor at University College London; from 1905 to 1906, a lecturer at Birkbeck College; and from 1907 to 1911, a lecturer at East London College. In 1911, he became head of the Department of Botany at Queen Mary College, University of London, where he stayed until retirement in 1948. Dr. Fritsch was the author of a number of books, by far the best known being The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae, which today is still the most comprehensive treatise on the algae as a whole.

Gilbert Morgan Smith Born January 6, 1885 in Beloit, Wisconsin. Died July 11, 1959. Dr. Smith received his BS from Beloit College (1907) and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin (1913). From 1913 to 1925, he was at the University of Wisconsin, ultimately as an associate professor. From 1925 until his retirement, he was a professor at Stanford University. Dr. Smith is best known for his books on algae, which include Phytoplankton of the Inland Lakes of Wisconsin, The Freshwater Algae of the United States,

Cryptogamic Botany, and Marine Algae of the Monterey Peninsula.

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Part II

The prokaryotic algae

The cyanobacteria or blue-green algae form a natural group by virtue of being the only prokaryotic algae. Prokaryotic algae have an outer plasma membrane enclosing protoplasm containing photosynthetic thylakoids, 70S ribosomes, and DNA fibrils not enclosed within a separate membrane. Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment, and oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis.