2. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:

Катастрофа/стихійне лихо/катаклізм, оточуюче середовище,

(нещасний) випадок, посилювати, процвітати, викликати, пожежа,

землетрус, зсув, лавина, посуха, голод, повінь, град, ураган, спалахи на

сонці, гроза, торнадо, цунамі, виверження вулкану, злива, недбале

ставлення, аварія.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What does the word “disaster” mean?

2. What two types of disasters do you know?

3. What are natural disasters?

4. What are man-made disasters?

Lesson 8

1. Read and translate the text:

INFRASTRUCTURE

Infrastructure, most generally, is the set of interconnected structural elements that provide the framework for supporting the entire structure. It usually applies only to structures that are artificial. The term is used differently in a variety of fields; perhaps the single most well-known usage is in economics, where it refers to physical infrastructure such as buildings and roads.

Transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of people, goods, signals and information from one place to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans ("across") and portare ("to carry").

Aspects of transport

Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). The vehicles generally ride on the networks, such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, airplanes.

Public utility

A public utility is a company that maintains the infrastructure for a public service. Public utilities often involve natural monopolies, and as a result are often government monopolies, or (if privately owned) treated as specially regulated sectors.

In poorer developing countries, public utilities are often limited to wealthier parts of major cities, as used to be the case in developed countries in the nineteenth century.

Examples of utilities are:

· Electric power transmission and electricity distribution

· Drinking water purification and distribution

· Sewage treatment and disposal

· Other waste disposal

· Natural gas distribution

· District heat generation and distribution

· Public transport by bus, train, etc.

· Cable television and telephone lines.

2. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:

1. set of interconnected structural elements

2. the term is used

3. physical infrastructure

4. the movement of people

5. public service

6. public utilities

7. electric power transmission

8. purification and distribution

9. gas distribution

3. Answer the questions:

1. What is infrastructure?

2. What is transport?

3. What transport networks do you know?

4. What kinds of vehicles are there?

5. What categories of transport do you know?

6. What does public utility consist of?

Lesson 9