Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Type I

7. Look and learn.

• We do not use future tenses after: when, while, before, until, by the time, if, as soon as, after, etc.

e.g. What will you do when you finish your work?

• But: When used as a question word and if meaning whether it can be used with future forms.

e.g. When will you return from your trip?

8. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.

1. They (start) their business after (prepare) all the documents.

2. You (understand) unless you (pay) attention to it.

3. I don’t know if they (be) ready to begin talks.

4. If you (not/know) what to do, I (help) you.

5. When they (elect) the board of directors?

6. He (be) able to manage the company properly, unless he (gain) much experience.

7. The Registrar of Companies (issue) a Certificate of Incorporation after the company (submit) all necessary documents.

8. I (represent) your interest if you (follow) my instructions.

9. Correct the mistakes.

1. If you will heat water, it boils.

2. John will tell us, if there will be any news.

3. If we won’t invite him, he is upset.

4. If we won’t complete the task, our boss will be furious.

5. If she will apply for the job, she will get it.

6. If you he will take more exercise, he will feel better.

7. If the book will be too expensive, I won’t buy it.

8. I will tell you their address, if I will find it.

10. Story chain. Look at the example and continue the thought.

If I don’t study, I won’t pass my exams. If I don’t pass my exams, I … .

11. Translate into English.

1. Я не знаю, когда она заплатит все свои долги.

2. Если я получу повышение, я отправлюсь в круиз.

3. Когда вы дадите мне знать о своем решении?

4. Как только он окончит университет, он откроет свою собственную фирму.

5. Если я решу что-то делать, ничего меня не остановит.

6. Она потеряет все деньги, если будет принимать необдуманные решения. 7. К тому времени, как я уйду на пенсию, я заработаю достаточно денег.

8. Ты ничего не добьешься в жизни, если не будешь упорно трудиться.

9. Если предприятие закроется, много людей останется без работы.

10. Наши друзья будут разочарованы, если мы не придем.

Speaking Task

12. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner advantages and disadvantages of the main forms of business organization. Which form would you prefer? Why? What would you choose: to manage people or to work for someone else?

Writing

13. Complete the document. Look through ex.6 again.

_______________of Association

The name of the company is ___________________

The ________________of the company is in __________

The ___________for which the Company is established is _______________.

The _____________of the company is _______________.

CHAPTER IV

Money, Credit, Banks

UNIT I

Money

Reading

Money is a commodity that is used and accepted as payment for the purchase of goods and services, to pay outstanding debts, and for trading purposes. Money also serves as a medium of exchange and a standard of value.

So the most important functions of money are:

• to serve as a medium of exchange, a commodity universally accepted in exchange for goods and services and for the discharge of debts or for the dis­charge of contracts;

• to act as a unit of account, the unit that makes the operation of the price system possible and provides the basis for keeping accounts and calculating cost, profit, and loss;

• to serve as a standard of deferred payments, the unit in which loans are made and future transactions are fixed;

• to provide a store of wealth, a convenient form in which to hold any income not immediately required for use.

The money used in a country - euros, dollars, yen, etc. - is its currency. Money in notes (banknotes) and coins is called cash. Most money, however, consists of bank deposits: money that people and organizations have in bank accounts.

The British pound

The pound sterling, denoted by GBP, is the official unit of currency used in the United Kingdom. The sign for the pound is £ (or rarely, just "L"). The pound sterling is one of the world's most widely traded currencies, along with the United States dollar, the Japanese yen, and the euro. It is the highest valued of the major currency units. The pound is subdivided into 100 pence, the singular of which is "penny." The symbol for the penny is "p." The denomination of the pound is £5, £10, £20, £50. Each denomination has its own size and colour.

All the banknotes bear HM The Queen's head on one side and a famous historical person on the other side. Queen Elizabeth II is the first monarch to have her portrait printed on a banknote. It was first done in 1960 as a way of helping to prevent forgeries.

The current £5 note features Elizabeth Fry, who made her name fighting for improved living conditions for women in European jails.

The current £10 note features Charles Darwin, the Victorian naturalist who developed the theory of evolution.

The current £20 note features Sir Edward Elgar, a British composer.

The Bank of England issued a new-style £20 note on 13 March 2007. The note features Adam Smith, one of the fathers of modern economics.

The current £50 note features Sir John Houblon, the first Governor of the Bank of England.

The United States Dollar

The United States dollar, denoted by USD or the symbol $, is the official currency used in the United States. Commonly referred to as the "American dollar," the currency is divided into 100 cents (symbol ¢).

The dollar is considered the standard unit of currency in commodity markets across the globe (namely gold and oil). At the present time, the U.S. dollar remains the world's foremost reserve currency. The majority of U.S. notes are actually held outside the United States.