Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Type II

5. Look and learn.

	If-clause	Main clause	Use
Unreal present	If +Past simple	Would/could/might + bare infinitive	Imaginary situation in the present or future (unlikely to happen); also used to give advice

If I had money I would buy a car.

If I were you I would spend money on travelling.

I wish I earned more money.

6. Fill in the correct tense.

1. If I (inherit) a lot of money I (start) my own business.

2. I wish I (not/spend) so much money on clothes. Now I can’t pay the phone bill.

3. If she (be) qualified, she (find) a good job.

4. If the company (give) us a pat rise I (buy) a new house.

5. I wish he (save) money.

6. If she (get) a bonus she (be able) to improve her living conditions.

7. If he (be) hard up he (help) you.

8. If he (not/be) so lazy he (be) well-off.

9. You (be healthier) if you (take) more exercise.

10. If you (get up) earlier you (not be late) for work.

7. Continue the sentences.

1. If I had a million pounds, I ... .

2. If she had enough money, she ... .

3. If I inherited some money, I ... .

4. If my parents earned more money, they ... .

5. If my grandfather received a good pension, he ... .

6. If I found money on the street, I ... .

7. If I saved money, I ... .

8. If he were hard working, he ... .

8. Translate into English.

1. Если бы у меня были деньги, я бы тебе одолжил.

2. Жаль, что моя зарплата не очень высокая.

3. Если бы я получил премию, я бы мог позволить себе машину.

4. Я бы вложил деньги в банк, если бы процентная ставка была высокая.

5. Жаль, что мне не предлагают высокую зарплату и служебную машину.

6. Мог бы ты одолжить мне деньги до завтра?

7. Если бы у меня была возможность, я бы продолжил обучение.

8. Если бы правительство повысило пенсии, наши бабушки жили бы гораздо лучше.

9. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы вложил деньги в акции этого предприятия.

10. Жаль, что вы не можете присутствовать на заседании совета директоров.

Speaking Task

9. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner if money is important to you. What do you think is the easiest way to save money? What is the quickest way to make money honestly? What are the functions of money? What is the official currency of the UK and the USA?

Writing

10. Write a composition expressing your own opinion on the topic: Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use the plan and useful phrases from Chapter I, Unit I, ex.11.

Unit II Banking

Reading

Banking is the process of accepting and protecting money owned by individuals and organizations, then lending this money to others to earn a profit. Development of any country mainly depends upon the banking system. The economy can not function without banking.

There are several types of banks in the world, and each has a specific role and function. Banks may be divided into several groups on the basis of their activities and these include investment banks, retail, private, business, and also corporate banks.

Retail banks deal directly with consumers and small business owners. They focus on mass market products such as current and savings accounts, mortgages and other loans, and credit cards. By contrast, private banks normally provide wealth management services to high net worth families and individuals.

Business banks provide services to businesses and other organizations that are medium sized, whereas the clients of corporate banks are usually major business entities.

Investment banks provide services related to financial markets, such as mergers and acquisitions.

Another way in which banks may be categorized is on the basis of their ownership. They might either be privately held or publicly owned banks. Privately owned banks are motivated by profit in their business operations. Publicly owned banks are held by the state governments of the individual countries and they serve as a nation’s centralized bank, as well as an economic backbone for that particular country. They are also known as central banks. Publicly owned banks, which are controlled by the government, have numerous responsibilities pertaining to the banking sector of the country, such as administering various activities for the commercial banks of that country. They also determine the rates of interest offered by banks doing business in that country, as well as playing a major role in maintaining liquidity in the banking sector.

The functions of central banks

Central banks are responsible for monetary policy - trying to control the rate of inflation to maintain financial stability. This involves changing interest rates. The aim is to protect the value of the currency.

The central bank supervises and regulates the banking system and the whole financial sector. It also collects financial data and publishes statistics, and provides financial information for consumers. It prints and issues currency - putting banknotes into circulation. It also participates in clearing cheques and settling debts among commercial banks.

Central banks can act as lender of last resort, which means lending money to financial institutions in difficulty, to allow them to make payments. They manage a country's reserves of gold and foreign currencies.