- •Ано впо цс рф
- •Удк 811. 111 (075. 8) ббк 81. 2 Англ я 73
- •Chapter I
- •My Speciality
- •My institute
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match each job title with the correct definition.
- •3. Fill in the correct word from the list below.
- •4. Fill in the correct preposition.
- •5. Replace the words in bold with the given below having the same meaning.
- •Grammar in Use Present Simple – Present Continuous
- •6. Match the tenses with their meaning.
- •7. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •10. Look at the spidergram. Then say why people get higher education. Add your own ideas.
- •Introduction
- •Chapter II
- •Modern Tendencies in Economy
- •What is Economics?
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words from column a with the words from column b to make a phrase.
- •3. Fill in the correct words from the list below:
- •4. Underline the correct word.
- •Grammar in Use Past Simple- Past Continuous
- •5. Match the tenses with their meaning.
- •6. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •9. Read the text carefully and write the summary.
- •Unit II The economic systems
- •Comprehension
- •1. Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentence with its ending.
- •3. Fill in the correct word from the list below.
- •Grammar in Use Relative Pronouns
- •5. Look at the words in bold and say which a) are used for people, b) show possessions, c) are used for things.
- •Speaking Task
- •Unit III Basic economic terms
- •Comprehension
- •4. Translate the words in brackets into English. Use the following words.
- •Grammar in Use Past Simple – Present Perfect
- •5. Look and learn.
- •6. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Is the want or willingness of consumers to buy goods or services
- •Is amount of goods or services firms are willing to make and sell at a number of possible prices
- •Unit IV
- •International trade
- •Comprehension
- •1. Are the following statements true or false?
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words with the definitions below.
- •3. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •4. Underline the correct word.
- •5. Fill in the correct preposition.
- •Grammar in Use Present Perfect- Present Perfect Continuous
- •6. Match the tenses with their meaning.
- •7. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •10. Read the text. Find the key information and translate the sentences. Write an abstract of the article. Use the following phrases:
- •Chapter III
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the titles of managers with their functions.
- •3. Study the following information and then complete the sentences.
- •4. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Choose from the words in the box. You can then use similar sentences to talk about your company.
- •Grammar in Use Expressing future
- •5. Match the tenses with their meanings.
- •6. Fill in the correct future form.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Comprehension
- •1. Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Find the equivalents in the text.
- •3. Match the words from column a with the words from column b to make a phrase.
- •4. Choose the correct item.
- •5. Write down advantages and disadvantages of each form of business. Use some characteristics listed below.
- •6. Fill in the correct words from the list below. Before doing the exercise study the following material.
- •Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Type I
- •7. Look and learn.
- •8. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •9. Correct the mistakes.
- •10. Story chain. Look at the example and continue the thought.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words from column a with the words from column b to make a phrase.
- •3. Underline the correct word.
- •4. Read the text and complete the sentences with words from the text.
- •Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Type II
- •5. Look and learn.
- •6. Fill in the correct tense.
- •7. Continue the sentences.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit II Banking
- •Comprehension
- •1. Are the following statements true or false?
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words with the definitions below.
- •3. Fill in the correct preposition.
- •4. Read the text and complete the sentences with words from the text.
- •Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Type III
- •5. Look and learn.
- •6. Fill in the correct tense.
- •7. Continue the sentences.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit III Banking system in the uk
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentence with its ending.
- •3. Fill in the correct word from the list below.
- •4. Translate the words in brackets into English. Use the following words.
- •5. Match the words with the definitions below.
- •Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Revision
- •6. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •7. Answer the question. What would you do if
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit IV The Bank of England
- •Comprehension
- •1. Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Underline the correct word.
- •4. Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap.
- •Grammar in Use Tenses Revision
- •5. Fill in the correct tense.
- •6. Translate the dialogues into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •8. Read and translate the letter from a bank. Write your own letter using this one as an example.
- •Unit V Banking in the usa
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words from column a with the words from column b to make a phrase.
- •3. Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap.
- •4. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •Grammar in Use Prepositions
- •5. Fill in the correct preposition.
- •6. Translate into English. Pay attention to the use of prepositions.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Chapter V
- •Accounting
- •The nature and purpose of Accounting
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words with the definitions below.
- •3. What type of work does each person do and what is the name of each job?
- •6. Fill in the correct tense.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Users of accounting data and financial statements
- •Unit II The balance sheet
- •Comprehension
- •1. Are the following statements true or false?
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the words from column a with the words from column b to make a phrase.
- •3. Study the balance sheet sample. Balance Sheet – Sample Corp. Fy 2007, 2008
- •4. Find the English equivalents.
- •5. Complete the crossword.
- •Grammar in Use
- •Speaking Task
- •Comprehension
- •4. Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap.
- •Grammar in Use Questions tags
- •5. Look and learn.
- •6. Fill in the appropriate question tag.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit IV The principles and standards of accounting
- •International Financial Reporting Standards (ifrs) - formerly the International Accounting Standards (ias) - or u.S. Gaap
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the principles with their explanations.
- •3. Fill in the prepositions.
- •4. Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Grammar in Use Expressing necessity/ lack of necessity must/have to
- •5. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Chapter VI
- •Taxation
- •Types of taxes
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the type of tax with the definitions below.
- •3. What are the standard names for the tax or taxes paid on the following?
- •4. Find words in the text with the following meanings.
- •5. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •Grammar in Use
- •Advantages
- •Disadvantages
- •Writing
- •Unit II Taxation in the uk and in the usa
- •Taxation in the uk
- •Taxation in the usa
- •Comprehension
- •1. Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentence with its ending.
- •3. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •4. Underline the correct word.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Grammar in Use Articles
- •6. Fill in articles where necessary.
- •7. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit III
- •Value Added Tax
- •Comprehension
- •Grammar in Use Tenses Revision
- •5. Put the words in brackets into the correct tense.
- •6. Choose the correct item.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit IV Tax policy
- •Comprehension
- •4. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •Grammar in Use
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Chapter VII
- •Management
- •Management and its functions
- •Comprehension
- •4. Read this short article about the responsibilities of a general manager. Choose the best phrase from a- h to fill in gaps 1-8, to complete the text.
- •Grammar in Use Expressing ability and possibility
- •6. Look and learn.
- •7. Choose a suitable form of can, could, be able to, manage to or succeed in to complete the sentences.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit II Theories of management
- •Comprehension
- •1. Are the following statements true or false?
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentence with its ending.
- •3. Translate the words in brackets into English. Use the following words:
- •4. Choose the correct item.
- •5. Complete the text by choosing the correct option: a, b, c, to fill each gap.
- •Grammar in Use Comparisons
- •5. Study the examples. How do we form comparisons?
- •6. Put the adjectives into the positive, comparative or superlative form.
- •7. Compare different management styles. Use the given words and phrases.
- •Comprehension
- •4. Choose the correct item.
- •5. Fill in the prepositions.
- •Grammar in Use Joining ideas
- •6. Read the examples, then join the following sentenced in every possible way.
- •7. Join the sentences using the words in brackets.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit II Advertising
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Complete the table by filling the correct forms.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the nouns and verbs from ex.2.
- •5. Fill in the correct word from the list below.
- •Grammar in Use
- •8. Translate into English.
- •Comprehension
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the list below.
- •5. Choose the correct item.
- •International Organization for Standardization
- •Grammar in Use Complex object
- •6. Look and learn.
- •7. Replace the Object Clause with the Complex Object.
- •8. Open the brackets using the Complex Object.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit II Quality control methods
- •Comprehension
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Match the beginning of the sentence with its ending.
- •3. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •4. Translate the words in brackets into English. Use the following words:
- •Grammar in Use Complex object
- •5. Look and learn.
- •6. Open the brackets using the Complex Object.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the Complex Object.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Chapter X
- •Communication
- •Corporate culture
- •Comprehension
- •1. Are the following statements true or false?
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Complete the table by filling the correct forms.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the nouns and verbs from ex.2.
- •4. Choose the best phrase from a- g to fill in gaps 1-7, to complete the text.
- •5. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
- •8. Make up your own sentences using linking words. Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Unit II Business communication
- •Comprehension
- •4. Fill in the prepositions.
- •Grammar in Use Word formation
- •5. How many different words can you form with each one?
- •6. Fill in each gap with a word formed from the promts given in brackets.
- •Speaking Task
- •Writing
- •Word list
- •Список литературы
- •Наталия Александровна Подкина, Татьяна Елизаровна Родионова английский язык для экономистов
- •428025, Чебоксары, пр. М.Горького, 24
8. Translate into English.
1. Во многих странах существует закон, ограничивающий рекламу на телевидении.
2. В этом объявлении мало нужной информации.
3. Немногие слышали об этом производителе.
4. Он зарабатывает мало денег.
5. Мы обращались во многие рекламные агентства, но остались недовольны их работой.
6. В этом журнале я прочитал несколько интересных статей.
7. У меня очень напряженный рабочий график. Мы подписываем несколько соглашений на следующей неделе.
8. У вас много свободного времени?
Speaking Task
9. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner different types of advertising. What is the most effective way of advertising to your mind?
Writing
10. Write a composition expressing your own opinion on the topic: Advertising can tell you a lot about a country. Use the plan and useful phrases from Chapter I, Unit I, ex.11.
CHAPTER IX
Quality
UNIT I
International standards of quality
Reading
Quality is the act of overseeing all activities and tasks needed to maintain a desired level of excellence. This includes creating and implementing quality planning and assurance, as well as quality control and quality improvement. It is also referred to as total quality management (TQM).
The quality of something can be determined by comparing a set of inherent characteristics with a set of requirements. If those inherent characteristics meet all requirements, high or excellent quality is achieved. If those characteristics do not meet all requirements, a low or poor level of quality is achieved. Quality is, therefore, a question of degree. As a result, the central quality question is: How well does this set of inherent characteristics comply with this set of requirements?
Product quality is the collection of features and characteristics of a product that contribute to its ability to meet given requirements. Early work in controlling product quality was on creating standards for producing acceptable products. By the mid-1950s, mature methods had evolved for controlling quality, including statistical quality control and statistical process control. During the 1960s, these methods and techniques were extended to the service industry. During 1960–1980, there was a major shift in world markets, with the position of the United States declining while Japan and Europe experienced substantial growth in international markets. Consumers became more conscious of the cost and quality of products and services. Firms began to focus on total production systems for achieving quality at minimum cost. This trend has continued, and today the goals of quality control are largely driven by consumer concerns and preferences.
There are three views for describing the overall quality of a product. First is the view of the manufacturer, who is primarily concerned with the design, engineering, and manufacturing processes involved in fabricating the product. Quality is measured by the degree of conformance to predetermined specifications and standards, and deviations from these standards can lead to poor quality and low reliability. Second is the view of the consumer or user. To consumers, a high-quality product is one that well satisfies their preferences and expectations. A third view relating to quality is to consider the product itself as a system and to incorporate those characteristics that pertain directly to the operation and functionality of the product. This approach should include overlap of the manufacturer and customer views.
David Garvin, a professor at the Harvard Business School, has identified eight dimensions of quality:
- performance;
- features;
- reliability (dependability of a product or service to perform properly over time);
- conformance (how the product meets desired standards and tolerances such as size, consistency of color, etc.);
- durability (how long a product will last under various conditions);
- serviceability (the ease of repair or maintenance of a product);
- aesthetics (how a product looks, feels, sounds, tastes and smells);
- perceived quality (the reputation of the product, its name and label).