- •Ministry of science and education of the republic of kazakhstan
- •Contents
- •Part a. General english
- •I. Writing an informal letter
- •1) Definition/differentiation
- •4) Tips
- •5) Sample
- •6) Evaluation criteria
- •7) References
- •8) Exercises
- •9) Appendix useful language
- •II. Writing an e-mail
- •1) Definition/differentiation
- •2) Structure
- •3) Stages
- •4) Tips
- •5) Samples
- •6) Useful language Acronyms
- •7) Evaluation criteria
- •8) References
- •9) Exercises
- •10) Appendix
- •Internet Acronyms retrieved August 5, 2010 from http://www.Mcfedries.Com/Ramblings/email-jargon.Asp
- •III. Writing an sms message
- •1) Definition/differentiation
- •2) Features
- •Part b. Academic english
- •3) Paragraphs types
- •4) Stages of paragraph writing
- •5) Sample a Good Start
- •6) References
- •Http://elpweb.Com/materials/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/Writing_3_Activity_1.Pdf
- •7) Exercises
- •V. Writing an essay
- •1) Definition/differentiation
- •2) Types
- •3) Title
- •4) Structure
- •5) Tips
- •6) Sample
- •7) References
- •8) Exercises
- •VI. Writing a summary
- •1) Definition/differentiation
- •2) Requirements
- •3) Stages
- •4) Structure
- •5) Sample
- •6) Tips
- •7) Evaluation criteria
- •8) References
- •9) Exercises
- •10) Appendix cliches for summarizng a text
- •VII. Writing a research paper
- •11) References/bibliography.
- •12) Documentation styles
- •13) References
- •14) Exercises
- •VIII. Graph description (ielts format)
- •1) Definition
- •6) References
- •7) Exercises
- •8) Appendix
- •Part c. Business english
- •IX. Writing a business letter
- •2) Structure/stages
- •3) Sample
- •4) How to begin/end a business letter
- •5) Business letter format
- •6) List of common phrases for business letters
- •7) References
- •5. Sample business letters. Retrieved October 16, 2010 from http://www.Writeexpress.Com/sample-business-letters.Html
- •8) Exercises
- •X. Writing a memo
- •1) Definition
- •2) Requirements
- •3) Parts of a memo:
- •4) Tips
- •5) Samples
- •Informal memo:
- •6) References
- •XI. Writing a report
- •1) Definition
- •2) Types
- •3) Structure
- •3) Stages
- •4) Report template
- •5) Sample report Report on Eco-Homes Project
- •6) References
- •7) Exercises
- •XII. Writing Minutes of a Meeting
- •1) Definition
- •2) Content
- •3) Tips
- •4) Useful language (verbs of reporting)
- •5) Samples
- •6) Sample minutes Minutes for 2002-1-21 Board of Directors meeting
- •7) References
- •XIII. Writing a press release
- •1) Definition
- •2) Requirements
- •3) Structure
- •4) Steps
- •5) Format
- •6) Tips
- •7) Warnings
- •8) Checklist
- •9) Press release sample
- •10) References
- •11) Exercises
- •Part 3. Keys
- •I. Writing an informal letter
- •II. Writing an e-mail
- •III. Writing an sms message
- •IV. Writing a paragraph
- •V. Writing an essay
- •VI. Writing a summary
- •VII. Writing a research paper
- •VIII. Graph description (ielts format)
- •IX. Writing a business letter
- •X. Writing a memo
- •XI. Writing a report
- •XII. Writing Minutes of a Meeting
- •XIII. Writing a press release
XI. Writing a report
1) Definition
Report is a presentation of facts and findings, usually as a basis for recommendations, written for a specific readership, and probably intended to be kept as a record.
2) Types
Incident Reportis a report describing something that has happened.
Accident Report is a report describing how someone was hurt or something was damaged.
Sales Reportis a report describing how many goods or services were sold, and the reasons for any differences from the plan.
Progress Reportis a report describing how close you are to completing something you planned.
Feasibility Reportis a report on how practical a proposal is.
Recommendation Reportis a report on what your organization should do.
Site Report is a report on what has happened in a place, and how close your organization is to finishing construction.
Case Studyis an academic report on how and why something has changed over time
3) Structure
Title page
The title page should include the following information: the title of the report, the name of the person (or organization) who commissioned the report, the date of the submission, and the name of the author of the report.
Summary
The summary provides an overview of the report’s purpose, the methods used to compile the report, its findings and its recommendations. It should be a concise, self-contained document that covers all the important points in the report it summarizes.
Contentslists the sections of the report in the order in which they appear. Each section is numbered consecutively and corresponding page numbers are indicated. A list of figures and tables provided in the report is added at the end of the Table of Contents.
Introduction gives the background to the report, and shows why it was necessary. It usually states the objective of the report (in formal terms), who called for it, and the scope and treatment. The shorter it is the better.
Body of the reportcontains data, discussion and analysis. It is presented in a logical sequence. Headings and sub-headings are used to identify each section and sub-section. As in an essay, paragraphing is used to separate and develop ideas. Unlike an essay, the body of a report often contains tables and figures. Dot points can also be used where appropriate. The body of a report is a discussion or description of the material under investigation.
Conclusions summarize the major points or findings of the assignment. This is the section that analyses and evaluates. It contains no new information. It should indicate if the purpose of the report was fulfilled, what type of data was used, and what conclusions were reached.
Recommendationssuggest a specific course of action based on the findings of the report. They should be based on the conclusions drawn from the report.
Appendices contain any detailed supporting information, or perhaps information that only some readers need.
Bibliography and/or References list either the books and/or articles consulted as a basis for the report.
Glossary or Nomenclature can be a help if your readers include non-experts as well as experts. When writing on a specialist subject for non-experts alone, any technical terms should be defined.