- •Предисловие
- •1. Read the text and write down all words describing the auto-video inspection of track.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •Give the main idea of the text "Railway Track of the 21st Century". Test 1
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Match these definitions with the terms.
- •V. According to the text, are the sentences true (t) or false (f).
- •Permanent Way and Its Members
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe the modern railway track.
- •2. Match up the adjectives with the nouns.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Give Russian equivalents.
- •6. Find in the text phrases with the word "traffic".
- •7. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the meaning of the word "carry".
- •9. Put the following word combinations into the appropriate columns.
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the following words.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Make up sentences using correct words to characterize the permanent way. The permanent way must be ________ a. Durable e. Reliable
- •V. Match these definitions with the words.
- •VI. Put the sentences in the correct order to make the conversation.
- •Modern Permanent Way Technology
- •1. Read the text again and write down all the words describing modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •The majority of rail systems rely on ………
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Track design: Ladder Sleepers Perform Well in Tests
- •1. Read the text again and write down the words describing the advantages of ladder sleepers.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize ladder sleepers. Ladder sleepers perform well in tests because they showed
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Surveying and Organizing Railroad Construction
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Make up a summary of the text. Use these phrases.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the text.
- •6. Using the phrases ask your partner some questions.
- •7. Read the Russian text, title and render it in English.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the only correct answer to the question.
- •1. What investigation does the surveying involve?
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 6 Under the Thames to Lewisham
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Look at these words. Are they nouns (n), verbs (V), or adjectives (adj)?
- •3. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •4. Group the words which can go together.
- •5. Give synonyms to these words.
- •6. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •7. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •8. Find out if this summary corresponds to the article.
- •9. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Тоннель под Невой Метро и тоннели № 2, 2002
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •6. Make a list of aspects that you should consider when designing a fixed link.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Инженерно-геологические условия и технология строительства тоннеля в Уфе
- •I. Match English and Russian words:
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •III. Match parts of the sentences:
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and say what information is missing.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a bridge.
- •7. Read the English text below and find out:
- •Bridge inspecting platform From Railway Gazette International, October 2000
- •8. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Мост на новой дороге, соединяющей Норвегию и Швецию
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Rail access
- •Workfaces
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and correct some technical mistakes.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a deep hard rock tunnel.
- •7. These statements about tunnels and viaduct in Hong Kong are all false. Read the text below and correct them.
- •Tunnels and Viaducts
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 10
- •Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •1. Check your knowledge.
- •2. Poster or letter writing
- •3. Writing
- •Test 10
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •IV. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 11
- •Vprs-02
- •Vprs-03
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Choose the best title for the text.
- •3. Read the text again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •4. The words in the following questions are in the wrong order. Rewrite the questions in the correct word order.
- •6. Decide which of these sentences describes the text better.
- •7. You are going to read the text which consists of eight sentences. First read their openings.
- •8. With a partner discuss the questions.
- •1. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •2. Read the text. Compare domestic and foreign machinery works and say where you would like to buy.
- •Innovation Continues in Track Maintenance Machinery
- •From Manual Labour to Full Mechanization The evolution of the tamping machine
- •Test 11
- •I. The following phrases are in the text. Draw a line from the first half of each sentence to the second half.
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •IV. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •V. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions.
- •Unit 12
- •5. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •10. With a partner discuss these questions.
- •11. Work with a partner.
- •12. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •Test 12
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •V. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 13 Mainframes
- •Machine Technical Data
- •Ballast Regulators
- •General Purpose Cranes
- •Twin Jib Track Relaying Machine
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Read the texts again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •3. Match the words and word combinations with the opposite meanings.
- •4. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from the text.
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •1. Look carefully through the tables describing the machines. Try to explain their differences and similarities.
- •Fill in the chart and give reasons for your decision.
- •3. Check the new words in the dictionary. Try to explain the difference between the machines mentioned above. Use the new words.
- •4. Check your knowledge.
- •Test 13
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •Look carefully through the tables in Unit 8 and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Choose the appropriate word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize road construction machines.
- •Unit 14
- •Guess how the paragraphs will continue.
- •What do you think the text is about?
- •1. Read the text and match the openings above to the paragraphs. Example: 6-a)
- •2. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •3. What would be the best title for this text?
- •4. Complete these sentences with the words and word combinations from the text.
- •5. Combine the incomplete sentences in group a with their endings in group b.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Read the plan of the text. Does it correspond to it? If no, give your own plan.
- •3. To which of the incomplete sentences does the following phrases refer?
- •4. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •6. Have some fun. J
- •Test 14
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Group the words which can go together.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Choose the only right answer to the question.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to exercises and tests for self control
- •Part IV traffic management Unit 15
- •Motive Power
- •1. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •2. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •3. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •4. Read the text again and choose the correct variant.
- •5. Paraphrase these statements using the sentences from the text.
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Make up the summary of the text .
- •9. Render the text in English.
- •Test 15
- •II. Choose the appropriate term.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 16
- •Railroad Cars
- •1. Сhoose the correct meaning.
- •2. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •3. Match the type of a car with the type of a commodity.
- •4. In the text find the words that mean:
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Read the text and render it in English. Железнодорожные вагоны
- •Test 16
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 17
- •Terminal Operation
- •1. Find the words in the text that mean:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct answer.
- •4. Put the sentences in the correct order.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Render the text in English.
- •Test 17
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 18
- •Rail Safety
- •1. Group the words which can go together.
- •Test 18
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Choose the correct variant.
- •Unit 19
- •Signaling
- •1. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •2. Match the signal with its significance.
- •3. Put in a preposition where necessary.
- •4. Join a phrase from a with one from b to make a sentence.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text .
- •7. Read the text and render it in English.
- •Test 19
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 20
- •Dispatching Advances Will Boost Efficiency
- •1. Translate these attributive groups into Russian.
- •2. What part of speech are the words in bold in the text?
- •3. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Which is an extra phrase?
- •7. Which sentence proves the statement?
- •8. Make up the summary of the text.
- •9. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
- •10. Read the text and render it in English.
- •1. What is the base form of the words?
- •2. Find the words with the following suffixes in the text.
- •Test 20
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 21
- •Computerization of Railroad Operations
- •2. Visual display unit.
- •3. Make collocations with information and computer.
- •Test 21
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 22
- •1. What is logistics?
- •Logistics
- •1. Make a list of key words to define logistics.
- •2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
- •3. Read the text again and match the activities (functions) of logistics with their descriptions.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Test 22
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to tests for self control
- •Glossary
- •Cutting bar n - a long straight piece of metal installed on a heavy construction machine used for cutting
- •English – russian vocabulary
- •Russian – english vocabulary
- •List of Abbreviations
- •Bibliography
6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a bridge.
7. Read the English text below and find out:
- the function of BCR 100 bridge inspection and repair platform;
- how many people the platform can accommodate;
- units providing a remarkable reach;
- the maximum working height and a maximum lateral reach;
- the distance beyond the centre line of track where work can be undertaken;
- platform rotating angle.
Bridge inspecting platform From Railway Gazette International, October 2000
The BCR 100 bridge inspection and repair platform provides ready access to the underside of multi-track spans, avoiding the need for hanging scaffolding (леса и подмости), or permanent rails supporting a traveling platform for inspecting each structure. The machine was designed specifically to meet the requirement set by substantial new bridges being erected under the project to convert OBB’s Wien – Salzburg main line into a four track route suitable for 200 km/h.
The elevated working platform can accommodate three people and their power tools (электроинструменты), for which supply outlets (источник питания) are available. The reach is remarkable, thanks to the double jib (стрела) and two swiveling (поворотный) rings. The maximum working height above rail that can be reached is 23.7m, and this extends 10 m either side of the track center. Maximum lateral (боковой) reach at lower levels is 17 m.
The most remarkable feature is the ability to reach far underneath (ниже, снизу) a span on which the BCR is standing. Work can be undertaken as far as 8 m beyond the center of track supporting the BCR in the direction away from the parapet over which the supporting arms must reach.
The platform rotates through 180 °, and the vehicle’s movement at 0 to 5 km/h can also be controlled from this location. An intercom (система двусторонней связи) links the platform with the vehicle operator.
8. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Мост на новой дороге, соединяющей Норвегию и Швецию
Мостостроение мира, №1/2002
Первое место на международном конкурсе на проектирование моста через Иддеьфьорд на европейской автотрассе Е6, входящей в состав Транс-Европейской дорожной сети занял проект арочного моста с ездой посередине, который заслужил высокую оценку как самое элегантное и в то же время самое реалистическое решение. Мост соединяет достаточно крутой норвежский берег фьорда с более пологим шведским. В связи с этим на шведском берегу предусмотрен подходной эстакадный участок довольно большой высоты. Длина пролетов эстакадной части составляет 88 м.
Арка пролетом 230 м, три одностоечные опоры эстакады и оба устоя будут сооружены из монолитного железобетона. Раздельные для каждого направления двухполосного движения балки жесткости будут изготовлены в виде стальных коробок с ортотропной плитой. При этом арка размещена между коробками балки жесткости в продольном просвете шириной 6 м. В точках пересечения арки с балкой жесткости из арки выступают консоли, на которые опираются балки жесткости. В пролете между этими точками балки жесткости подвешены к арке через каждые 23 м.
Все основные несущие элементы конструкции моста – арка, подвески и опоры эстакадной части – расположены в одной центральной «силовой» плоскости.
Поперечное сечение моста представляет собой проходную коробку из бетона класса прочности С65, люки для входа в которую размещены в уровне проезжей части. Конструкция анкеров канатов подвесок предусматривает возможность регулирования в них усилия поддомкрачиванием их из полости арки. Эти операции необходимы как в процессе строительства, так и на стадии эксплуатации. Регулирование в процессе строительства проводится после замыкания балки жесткости в неразрезную систему, для искусственного увеличения нагрузки на береговые опоры с целью предотвращения возможного отрыва концов балки в случаях неблагоприятных загружений временной нагрузкой. На стадии эксплуатации необходимость в регулировании может возникнуть при замене канатов подвесок: внезапный обрыв любой из подвесок включен в состав неблагоприятных расчетных сочетаний нагрузок наравне с динамическими и сейсмическими нагрузками.
Строительство моста будет осуществляться в условиях почти полного отсутствия подъездных дорог, поскольку задача по сохранению окружающего ландшафта являлась одной из главных в задании на проектирование. Земляные работы, бетонирование и монтаж конструкций намечено проводить с помощью 10-тонного кабель-крана, опоры которого будут установлены за устоями. Оборудование, необходимое для проведения строительно-монтажных работ, все строительные материалы и конструкции будут размещаться в пределах полосы отвода дороги на подходах к мосту. Бетонирование арки намечается проводить достаточно традиционными способами с обеих сторон с помощью вантовой системы с двумя временными пилонами, монтируемых позади пят арки. Перед замыканием двух полуарок в замке будут установлены домкраты для создания распора с целью уменьшения изгибающих моментов в приопорных сечениях арки.
Балку жесткости членят в эстакадной части на блоки длиной 22 и 23 м на подвесном участке. Балку жесткости эстакады ближайшего к арке участка будут монтировать плавучим краном грузоподъемностью 120 т на вылете 100м, а остальной части – продольной надвижкой на катках с легким аванбеком методом конвейерно-тыловой сборки с площадки за устоем шведского берега. Монтаж арочной части балки жесткости намечено осуществлять по технологии, применяемой для подъема большегрузных конструкций с помощью системы гидравлических домкратов и системы тросовых тяг. Для этого на вершине арки кабель-краном будут монтироваться временные платформы.
Защиту балки жесткости от коррозии намечено осуществлять методом обезвоживания воздуха изнутри и многослойной покраской – снаружи.
Строительные работы будут начаты в конце 2002 г. Сдача моста в эксплуатацию будет приурочена к 7 июля 2005 г. – к столетней годовщине расторжения Шведско-Норвежской унии.
Use the words and phrases given below:
арочный мост – arch bridge
исчерпание расчетного срока службы – end of life expectancy
крутой (пологий) берег – steep (sloping) bank
подходной эстакадный участок – approach overhead crossing
одностоечные опоры – one pillar support
монолитный железобетон – monolithic (mass, in-situ) concrete
балка жесткости – stiffening girder
ортотропная плита – orthotropic slab
консоль – cantilever, bracket, console
несущие элементы – supporters, supporting members, bearing elements
поперечное сечение арки – arch cross-section
люки для входа – access hatch
канат подвески – suspender (hanger) rope
отрыв концов балки – beam tips disconnection
кабель-кран – cable crane
опоры крана – crane posts
пята арки – skewback
замыкание двух полуарок – two semi-arches closing
изгибающий момент – bending moment
плавучий кран – pontoon
грузоподъемность – load capacity
метод продольной надвижки – free cantilever method
каток с аванбеком – launching girder roller
гидравлический домкрат – hydraulic jack
система тросовых тяг – rope haulage system
защита от коррозии – corrosion protection
метод обезвоживания воздуха изнутри – inside air dehydration method
многослойная покраска – multilayer coating
сдача в эксплуатацию – opening for traffic (commercial operation)
Test 8