- •Предисловие
- •1. Read the text and write down all words describing the auto-video inspection of track.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •Give the main idea of the text "Railway Track of the 21st Century". Test 1
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Match these definitions with the terms.
- •V. According to the text, are the sentences true (t) or false (f).
- •Permanent Way and Its Members
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe the modern railway track.
- •2. Match up the adjectives with the nouns.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Give Russian equivalents.
- •6. Find in the text phrases with the word "traffic".
- •7. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the meaning of the word "carry".
- •9. Put the following word combinations into the appropriate columns.
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the following words.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Make up sentences using correct words to characterize the permanent way. The permanent way must be ________ a. Durable e. Reliable
- •V. Match these definitions with the words.
- •VI. Put the sentences in the correct order to make the conversation.
- •Modern Permanent Way Technology
- •1. Read the text again and write down all the words describing modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •The majority of rail systems rely on ………
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Track design: Ladder Sleepers Perform Well in Tests
- •1. Read the text again and write down the words describing the advantages of ladder sleepers.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize ladder sleepers. Ladder sleepers perform well in tests because they showed
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Surveying and Organizing Railroad Construction
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Make up a summary of the text. Use these phrases.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the text.
- •6. Using the phrases ask your partner some questions.
- •7. Read the Russian text, title and render it in English.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the only correct answer to the question.
- •1. What investigation does the surveying involve?
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 6 Under the Thames to Lewisham
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Look at these words. Are they nouns (n), verbs (V), or adjectives (adj)?
- •3. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •4. Group the words which can go together.
- •5. Give synonyms to these words.
- •6. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •7. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •8. Find out if this summary corresponds to the article.
- •9. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Тоннель под Невой Метро и тоннели № 2, 2002
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •6. Make a list of aspects that you should consider when designing a fixed link.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Инженерно-геологические условия и технология строительства тоннеля в Уфе
- •I. Match English and Russian words:
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •III. Match parts of the sentences:
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and say what information is missing.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a bridge.
- •7. Read the English text below and find out:
- •Bridge inspecting platform From Railway Gazette International, October 2000
- •8. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Мост на новой дороге, соединяющей Норвегию и Швецию
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Rail access
- •Workfaces
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and correct some technical mistakes.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a deep hard rock tunnel.
- •7. These statements about tunnels and viaduct in Hong Kong are all false. Read the text below and correct them.
- •Tunnels and Viaducts
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 10
- •Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •1. Check your knowledge.
- •2. Poster or letter writing
- •3. Writing
- •Test 10
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •IV. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 11
- •Vprs-02
- •Vprs-03
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Choose the best title for the text.
- •3. Read the text again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •4. The words in the following questions are in the wrong order. Rewrite the questions in the correct word order.
- •6. Decide which of these sentences describes the text better.
- •7. You are going to read the text which consists of eight sentences. First read their openings.
- •8. With a partner discuss the questions.
- •1. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •2. Read the text. Compare domestic and foreign machinery works and say where you would like to buy.
- •Innovation Continues in Track Maintenance Machinery
- •From Manual Labour to Full Mechanization The evolution of the tamping machine
- •Test 11
- •I. The following phrases are in the text. Draw a line from the first half of each sentence to the second half.
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •IV. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •V. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions.
- •Unit 12
- •5. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •10. With a partner discuss these questions.
- •11. Work with a partner.
- •12. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •Test 12
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •V. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 13 Mainframes
- •Machine Technical Data
- •Ballast Regulators
- •General Purpose Cranes
- •Twin Jib Track Relaying Machine
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Read the texts again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •3. Match the words and word combinations with the opposite meanings.
- •4. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from the text.
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •1. Look carefully through the tables describing the machines. Try to explain their differences and similarities.
- •Fill in the chart and give reasons for your decision.
- •3. Check the new words in the dictionary. Try to explain the difference between the machines mentioned above. Use the new words.
- •4. Check your knowledge.
- •Test 13
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •Look carefully through the tables in Unit 8 and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Choose the appropriate word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize road construction machines.
- •Unit 14
- •Guess how the paragraphs will continue.
- •What do you think the text is about?
- •1. Read the text and match the openings above to the paragraphs. Example: 6-a)
- •2. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •3. What would be the best title for this text?
- •4. Complete these sentences with the words and word combinations from the text.
- •5. Combine the incomplete sentences in group a with their endings in group b.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Read the plan of the text. Does it correspond to it? If no, give your own plan.
- •3. To which of the incomplete sentences does the following phrases refer?
- •4. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •6. Have some fun. J
- •Test 14
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Group the words which can go together.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Choose the only right answer to the question.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to exercises and tests for self control
- •Part IV traffic management Unit 15
- •Motive Power
- •1. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •2. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •3. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •4. Read the text again and choose the correct variant.
- •5. Paraphrase these statements using the sentences from the text.
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Make up the summary of the text .
- •9. Render the text in English.
- •Test 15
- •II. Choose the appropriate term.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 16
- •Railroad Cars
- •1. Сhoose the correct meaning.
- •2. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •3. Match the type of a car with the type of a commodity.
- •4. In the text find the words that mean:
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Read the text and render it in English. Железнодорожные вагоны
- •Test 16
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 17
- •Terminal Operation
- •1. Find the words in the text that mean:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct answer.
- •4. Put the sentences in the correct order.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Render the text in English.
- •Test 17
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 18
- •Rail Safety
- •1. Group the words which can go together.
- •Test 18
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Choose the correct variant.
- •Unit 19
- •Signaling
- •1. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •2. Match the signal with its significance.
- •3. Put in a preposition where necessary.
- •4. Join a phrase from a with one from b to make a sentence.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text .
- •7. Read the text and render it in English.
- •Test 19
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 20
- •Dispatching Advances Will Boost Efficiency
- •1. Translate these attributive groups into Russian.
- •2. What part of speech are the words in bold in the text?
- •3. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Which is an extra phrase?
- •7. Which sentence proves the statement?
- •8. Make up the summary of the text.
- •9. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
- •10. Read the text and render it in English.
- •1. What is the base form of the words?
- •2. Find the words with the following suffixes in the text.
- •Test 20
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 21
- •Computerization of Railroad Operations
- •2. Visual display unit.
- •3. Make collocations with information and computer.
- •Test 21
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 22
- •1. What is logistics?
- •Logistics
- •1. Make a list of key words to define logistics.
- •2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
- •3. Read the text again and match the activities (functions) of logistics with their descriptions.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Test 22
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to tests for self control
- •Glossary
- •Cutting bar n - a long straight piece of metal installed on a heavy construction machine used for cutting
- •English – russian vocabulary
- •Russian – english vocabulary
- •List of Abbreviations
- •Bibliography
Test 16
I. Match the words.
-
1. modern
a. вагон-платформа
2. carry
b. колесо
3. wheel
c. товар
4. weight
d. современный
5. flatcar
e. грузоподъемность
6. commodity
f. жидкость
7. gondola
g. перевозить
8. capacity
h. парк (вагонов)
9. fleet
i. полувагон
10. liquid
j. вес
II. Choose the correct word.
-
a) container b) size c) transport d) hatches e) require f) brake
1. The hopper can only haul materials that can self-unload by way of the car’s sloped sides, hoppers, and ___.
2. Freight can be carried in a ___ that itself can be transloaded, thereby reducing damage to the freight.
3. Like most other freight cars, the ___ and capacity of the gondola increased over the years. Now they are 40 and 50 feet long with a capacity of 50-70 tons.
4. Tank cars are used to ___ liquid commodities.
5. The boxcar is used to carry commodities that ___ protection from weather.
III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
1. The ordinary flatcar is without sides or ends, having only a floor.
2. Boxcars are used to transport commodities suited to open movement.
3. Gondolas carry various minerals in bulk, lumber, steel, and similar commodities.
4. Most tank cars have flat bottoms, with low sides and ends.
5. The auto-rack is an example of a special-service car.
Unit 17
Read the text.
Terminal Operation
Involved in the operation of terminals are such activities as maintenance, classification of cars, make-up of trains, loading or unloading freight, and handling passengers.
In classification yards, freight cars are sorted out and outgoing trains are made up. Most large classification yards have a hump over which cars are pushed. They then roll down from the hump by gravity, and each is routed into a classification track corresponding to its destination. By the 1970s, operations in the newer classification yards had reached a high degree of automation. The heart of such a yard is a central computer, into which is fed information concerning all cars in the yard or en route to it. As the cars are pushed up the hump (in some recently completed yards, by locomotives that are crewless and under remote radio control from the yard’s operations centre), electronic scanners confirm their identity by means of a light-reflective label, place the data (car owner, number, and type) in a computer, and then set switches to direct each car into the proper classification track. Electronic speed-control equipment measures such factors as the weight, speed, and rolling friction of each car and operates electric or electropneumatic retarders to control the speed of each car as it rolls down from the hump. Because such electronically equipped yards can sort cars with great efficiency, they eliminate the need to do such work at other, smaller yards.
The terminal operation is a complicated one. A car of the specified type and size is switched in place for loading. When the car is loaded it is pulled to a yard where trains are made up. The various cars are sorted into groups going to the same regions. Then the cars are coupled into a train and inspected, an engine is attached ahead, the air brake system is pumped up and tested, and finally orders are given to proceed. On arrival at the final terminal, the cars are inspected, the air is released from the brake system, the cars are switched out in proper groups and taken by switch engines to the proper sidings.
Besides selling tickets, giving information on arrivals and departures, and receiving and discharging passengers, the functions of the passenger station include provision of waiting rooms and restaurants for the convenience of passengers. The stations to be used by several lines have been built in many cities, and often they are among the cities’ most beautiful structures. They are often centers of which cities are proud. In 24 hours thousands of passengers pass through the world’s largest stations such as those in London, Paris, New York, Melbourne, and Moscow. Much construction work is involved in the maintenance of railway stations, especially in rebuilding and modernizing stations to meet changing conditions in passenger requirements and service.
Read and remember the meanings of the words and phrases.
terminal – конечная станция
terminal operation – работа станции
involve – включать (в себя)
activity – деятельность
classification – сортировка
make-up of a train – составление поезда
loading or unloading – погрузка и выгрузка
hump – горка
destination – пункт назначения
degree – степень
route – путь, маршрут; en route – на пути, в пути
remote control – дистанционное управление
data – данные
set switches – установить стрелки
classification track – сортировочный путь
equipment – оборудование
measure – измерять
retarder – вагонный замедлитель
the same – один, тот же самый, такой же, одинаковый
couple – сцеплять, прицеплять
order – распоряжение, приказ
proceed – следовать
siding – запасный путь
besides – кроме
arrival – прибытие
departure – отправление
waiting room – зал ожидания
convenience – удобство
structure – здание, сооружение, строение
construction work – строительные работы
maintenance – содержание
meet conditions – удовлетворять условиям
requirement – потребность
service – обслуживание
change – меняться