- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 DC Electrics - Basic Principles
- •Introduction
- •Electromotive Force (EMF)
- •Current
- •Resistance
- •Factors Affecting the Resistance
- •Units of Resistance
- •Resistors
- •Power
- •Series and Parallel Circuits
- •Kirchoff’s Laws
- •Annex A
- •2 DC Electrics - Switches
- •Switches
- •Proximity Detectors
- •Time Switches
- •Centrifugal Switches
- •3 DC Electrics - Circuit Protection and Capacitors
- •Electrical Faults
- •Circuit Protection Devices
- •Fuses
- •The Cartridge Fuse
- •Spare Fuses
- •High Rupture Capacity (HRC) Fuses
- •Dummy Fuses
- •Current Limiters
- •Circuit Breakers
- •Reverse Current Circuit Breakers
- •Capacitors
- •Capacitance
- •Capacitor in a DC Circuit
- •Capacitor in an AC Circuit
- •Capacitors in Parallel
- •Capacitors in Series
- •4 DC Electrics - Batteries
- •Batteries
- •Secondary Cells
- •Lead Acid Battery
- •Alkaline Battery (Nickel Cadmium, NiCad)
- •Battery Checks
- •Battery Charging
- •Secondary Batteries Summary
- •5 DC Electrics - Magnetism
- •Magnetism
- •Temporary Magnets
- •Permanent Magnets
- •Permeability
- •Magnetism
- •The Molecular Structure of Magnets
- •The Magnetic Effect of a Current
- •The Corkscrew Rule
- •The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
- •The Right Hand Grasp Rule
- •The Strength of the Field of a Solenoid
- •Solenoid and Relay
- •The Forces on a Conductor Which is Carrying a Current
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •6 DC Electrics - Generators and Alternators
- •Electromagnetic Induction
- •Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
- •Faraday’s Law
- •Lenz’s Law
- •Simple Generator
- •Simple DC Generator
- •Characteristics of the Series Wound DC Generator
- •Commutator Ripple
- •Characteristics of the Shunt Wound DC Generator
- •A Compound Wound DC Generator
- •Flashing the Generator Field
- •Alternators
- •Voltage Control
- •Voltage Regulator Operation
- •Layout of a Generator System
- •Load Sharing Circuits
- •Operation of Load Sharing Circuit
- •7 DC Electrics - DC Motors
- •Electric Motors
- •Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
- •Practical DC Motor
- •Back EMF
- •Slow Start Resistor
- •Commutation
- •Series Wound Motors
- •Shunt Wound Motors
- •Starter-generator Systems
- •Actuators
- •Solenoid Actuators
- •Motor Actuator Construction
- •The Split Field Series Actuator
- •The Split Field Series Actuator Operation
- •Motor Actuators
- •Rotary Actuators
- •Linear Actuators
- •Actuator Brakes
- •Actuator Clutches
- •Visual Indicators Used with Linear Actuators
- •Visual Indicators Used with Rotary Actuators
- •Indicator Lights
- •Electromagnetic Indicators
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •8 DC Electrics - Aircraft Electrical Power Systems
- •Aircraft Electrical Power Systems
- •Dipole or Two Wire System
- •Single Pole (Unipole or Earth Return) System
- •Generators and Alternators
- •Voltage Regulators
- •Overvoltage Protection Unit
- •Generator Cut-out or Reverse Current Relay
- •Rectifiers
- •Inverters
- •The Generator Differential Cut-out
- •Generator (or Alternator) Warning Light
- •Generator (or Alternator) Master Switch
- •Monitoring Instruments
- •Ammeters and Voltmeters
- •The Battery
- •Bus Bars
- •Bus Bar Systems
- •Parallel Bus Bar System
- •Load Shedding
- •Generator or Alternator Failure
- •9 DC Electrics - Bonding and Screening
- •Bonding
- •The Static Discharge System or Static Wicks
- •Discharge of Static on Touchdown
- •Screening
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •10 DC Electrics - Specimen Questions
- •Questions – General 1
- •Questions – General 2
- •Answers – General 1
- •Answers – General 2
- •11 AC Electrics - Introduction to AC
- •Introduction
- •The Nature of Alternating Current
- •Terms
- •The Relationship of Current and Voltage in an AC Circuit
- •Resistance in AC Circuits
- •Inductance in AC Circuits
- •Inductive Reactance
- •Capacitance in AC Circuits
- •Capacitive Reactance
- •Impedance
- •Resonant Circuits
- •Summary
- •Power in AC Circuits
- •Power in a Purely Resistive Circuit
- •Power in a Purely Inductive Circuit
- •Power in a Capacitive Circuit
- •Power in a Practical AC Circuit
- •Power Factor
- •Power Factor Resume
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •12 AC Electrics - Alternators
- •Introduction to Aircraft Power Supplies
- •Generators / Alternators
- •Rotating Armature Alternator
- •Rotating Field Alternator
- •Alternator Output Rating
- •A Single Phase Alternator
- •Polyphase Circuits
- •Three Phase Alternator Connections
- •The Four Wire Star Connection
- •Delta Connected Alternator
- •Practical AC Generators
- •Brushed Alternators
- •Brushless Alternators
- •Frequency Wild Alternators
- •Obtaining a Constant Frequency Supply from a Frequency Wild System
- •Constant Frequency Alternators
- •Constant Speed Generator Drive Systems
- •CSDU Fault Indications in the Cockpit
- •The Drive Disconnect Unit (Dog Clutch Disconnect)
- •Variable Speed Constant Frequency Power Systems (VSCF)
- •Self-excited Generators
- •Load Sharing or Paralleling of Constant Frequency Alternators
- •Real Load
- •Reactive Load
- •Parallel Connection
- •Before Connecting in Parallel
- •Layout of a Paralleled System
- •Real Load Sharing
- •Reactive Load Sharing
- •Load Sharing General
- •Alternator Cooling
- •Generator Fault Protection
- •Bus Tie Breakers (BTBs)
- •Discriminatory Circuits
- •Differential Fault Protection
- •Synchronizing Units
- •Generator Failure Warning Light
- •Load Meters
- •Voltage and Frequency Meters
- •Generator Control Unit (GCU)
- •Emergency Supplies
- •The Ram Air Turbine (RAT)
- •The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
- •The Static Inverter
- •Ground Power Constant Frequency Supply System
- •Typical Controls and Indications
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •13 AC Electrics - Practical Aircraft Systems
- •Power Distribution
- •The Split Bus System
- •Parallel Bus Bar System
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •14 AC Electrics - Transformers
- •Transformers
- •Transformation Ratio
- •Power in a Transformer
- •Three Phase Transformers
- •Autotransformers
- •Rectification of Alternating Current
- •Half Wave Rectification
- •Full Wave Rectification
- •Three Phase Rectifiers
- •Transformer Rectifier Units (TRUs)
- •Inverters
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •15 AC Electrics - AC Motors
- •Alternating Current Motors
- •The Principle of Operation of AC Motors
- •The Synchronous Motor
- •The Induction Motor
- •The Squirrel Cage Rotor
- •The Induction Motor Stator
- •Slip Speed
- •Starting Single Phase Induction Motors
- •Fault Operation
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •16 AC Electrics - Semiconductors
- •An Introduction to Semiconductors
- •Conductors and Insulators
- •Semiconductors
- •N-Type Material
- •P-Type Material
- •Current Flow
- •The P-N Junction
- •Reverse Bias
- •Forward Bias
- •The Junction Diode
- •The Bipolar or Junction Transistor
- •Summary
- •17 AC Electrics - Logic Gates
- •An Introduction to Logic Gates
- •Binary Logic
- •Truth Tables
- •Gate Symbols
- •Positive and Negative Logic
- •The ‘AND’ Gate
- •The ‘OR’ Gate
- •The ‘INVERT’ or ‘NOT’ Gate
- •The ‘NAND’ Gate
- •The ‘NOR’ Gate
- •The ‘EXCLUSIVE OR’ Gate
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •18 Index
Chapter
10
DC Electrics - Specimen Questions
Questions – General 1 . . |
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Questions – General 2 . . |
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Answers – General 1 . . |
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Answers – General 2 . . |
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149
10 Questions
Questions 10
150
Questions 10
Questions – General 1
1.Spare fuses are carried:
a.at the operators’s discretion
b.for generators only
c.by law with a stated minimum number required
d.by the first officer
2.When selecting a fuse for a circuit the governing factor is:
a.the voltage of the circuit
b.the fuse length and diameter
c.the resistance of the circuit
d.the power requirement of the circuit
3.Differential cut-outs close when a differential voltage exists between the:
a.generator bus and battery bus bar
b.generator bus bar and earth
c.batteries
d.battery bus bar and earth
4.Circulating current is the term used to describe:
a.back EMF
b.current necessary to excite the generator
c.current passing between two paralleled generators of differing voltage
d.current passing between AC and DC systems
5.A megohm is:
a.10 000 ohms
b.1000 ohms
c.1 000 000 ohms
d.1 000 000 000 ohms
6.Load shedding is:
a.transferring the loads between generators
b.reducing the load voltage
c.overall reduction of electrical load on the system
d.overall reduction of generator voltages
7.When a generator is on line and its associated ammeter reads 10 amps, this is an indication of:
a.BTBs being energized
b.battery charge rate
c.battery discharge rate
d.generator load
Questions 10
151
10 Questions
8. |
The formula for calculating power is: |
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V2 |
or I2 × R or I × V |
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R |
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b. |
V2 |
or I × R or I × V |
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R |
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c. |
V |
or I2 × R or I2 × V |
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R2 |
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d. |
V |
or I × R2 or I × V |
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R2 |
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9. |
Assuming a 5 amp circuit has failed during flight and investigation has shown that |
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the fuse is open circuit, the action to be taken is to: |
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switch the circuit off immediately |
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b. |
switch off, replace the fuse with another of the correct rating for the circuit |
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and repeat this action as often as necessary |
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c. |
leave the switch on, replace the failed fuse with one of increased rating |
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d. |
switch off, replace the failed fuse with one of the correct rating once only |
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10. |
If the voltage in a circuit is doubled, the current will: |
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double |
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b. |
increase only if the battery is in circuit |
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remain the same |
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d. |
decrease |
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11. |
A simple electrical circuit has a current flow of 4 amperes and its resistance is 5 |
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ohms. How much power (watts) is used? |
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20 watts |
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b. |
45 watts |
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c. |
80 watts |
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d. |
100 watts |
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12. |
Check a lead acid battery voltage: |
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only if a fault is suspected |
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b. |
on load with a voltmeter |
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c. |
on no load with a voltmeter |
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d. |
on open circuit with a voltmeter |
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13. |
Connecting two batteries in series will: |
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increase the voltage and capacity |
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b. |
have no effect |
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c. |
decrease the voltage and the capacity |
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d. |
increase the voltage, the capacity will remain the same |
152
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10 |
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14. |
An aircraft has a battery with a capacity of 60 Ah. Assuming that it will provide its |
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nominal capacity and is discharged at the 10 hour rate: |
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it will pass 60 amperes for 10 hours |
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b. |
it will pass 10 amperes for 6 hours |
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c. |
it will pass 6 amperes for 10 hours |
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d. |
it will pass 60 amperes for 1 hour |
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15. |
A NiCad battery shows a high temperature after engine start, this could be an |
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indication of: |
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thermal runaway |
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b. |
it is not connected to the battery bus bar |
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c. |
normal temperature during charging |
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d. |
depends upon the outside air temperature |
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16. |
When generators are connected in parallel their output voltage must be: |
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divided by the circuit resistance |
10 |
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b. |
the same |
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c. |
added together |
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d. |
controlled by one generator |
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