- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit one
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a What is nanotechnology?
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Text c Nanotechnology
- •Check list to Unit I
- •Unit two
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Nanomaterials
- •Lesson three
- •Text b Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in electrical and electronic goods
- •Lesson four
- •Text c The Latest Miracle Nanomaterial
- •Check list to Unit II.
- •Unit three
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Applications of nanotechnology
- •Lesson 3
- •Text b Applications of Nanomaterials in Electronics
- •Lesson 4
- •Check list to Unit III
- •Unit four
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a nanotechnologies - huge opportunities and many unknowns
- •Lesson three
- •Text b What are nanotechnology’s prospects?
- •Lesson four
- •Nanomaterials – Potential Risks for Human Health and the Environment
- •Checklist to unit IV
- •Text II
- •Text III.
- •Faster, lighter computers possible with nanotechnology
- •Computing applications
- •Text IV
- •Closeness breeds material changes
- •Health and environmental issues
- •Potential for Human Exposure and Environmental Contamination
- •Toxicity
- •Text VII
- •A Center for Nanotechnology
- •Text VIII
- •Use of Nanomaterials in Lighting/Displays
- •Text IX
- •Use of Nanomaterials in Lasers
- •Text XI Nanotechnology Coatings
- •Appendix 2 word formation Словообразование
- •1. Underline the stems in the following words
- •2. Which of the given words are nouns or verbs? Why?
- •11. Read the following words. What are their prefixes? stems? suffixes?
- •12. Translate into Russian in writing
- •13. Translate the following words into Russian. Say how they were formed
- •14. Form as many new words as possible from the following ones:
- •Конверсия
- •16. Look up the meanings of these words in a dictionary, if necessary. How are they translated in the sentences below? Mind the word order
- •Предлоги и союзы. Фразовые глаголы
- •In case, unless, provided/providing:
- •In, at, on для обозначения места:
- •Appendix 3
- •Information on Abstracts
- •Краткий грамматический справочник
- •1. Глагол
- •1. Основные формы глагола
- •§ 2. Система грамматических времен английского языка (English Tenses)
- •Времена группы Indefinite
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Indefinite
- •2. Времена группы Continuous
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Continuous
- •3. Времена группы Perfect
- •4. Времена группы Perfect Continuous
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Perfect Continuous
- •3. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Способы перевода глагола-сказуемого
- •4. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •5. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Наиболее употребительные модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •7. Условные предложения (The Conditional Clauses)
- •Бессоюзные условные предложения
- •8. Глагол to be (to be - was, were - been)
- •9. Глагол to have (to have — had — had)
- •The infinitive
- •1. Forms of the infinitive
- •2. Functions of the infinitive
- •3. Infinitive constructions
- •The participle
- •1. Forms of the participle
- •2. Functions of the participle
- •3. Participle constructions
- •The gerund
- •1. Forms of the gerund
- •2. Functions of the gerund
- •3. Complex gerund construction
- •Краткий терминологический словарь
- •Список литературы
Appendix 2 word formation Словообразование
Suffixes of Nouns
Суффиксы существительных
Who? What?
Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
-асу -age -ance/-ence -ancy/-ency -ation -dom -er/-or -ics -ion/-tion -ment -ness -ship -th -tude -ty/-ity -ure -ist |
supremacy advantage; damage resistance; existence discrepancy; efficiency foundation freedom consumer; conductor electronics installation; direction equipment; requirement readiness; usefulness leadership length magnitude capacity; conductivity measure; nature scientist |
главенство преимущество; повреждение сопротивление; существование разногласие; эффективность основание свобода потребитель; проводник электроника установка; направление оборудование; требование готовность; полезность (польза) руководство длина величина емкость; проводимость мера; природа ученый |
1. Underline the stems in the following words
leader, ability, contribution, carrier, compactness, development, altitude, width, mechanics, pessimist, relation, friendship, storage, boredom, quantity.
Suffixes of Verbs
Суффиксы глаголов
What to do?
Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
-ate -ute -en -ize -ify |
to generate to contribute to shorten to magnetize to simplify |
генерировать содействовать укорачивать намагничивать упрощать |
2. Which of the given words are nouns or verbs? Why?
practice, wide, wilderness, practise, electrifier, compute, amplitude, electrify, pretence, organize.
Suffixes of Adverbs
Суффиксы наречий
How?
Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
-ly -ward(s) -wise |
mainly afterward(s) clockwise |
главным образом впоследствии, потом по часовой стрелке |
Suffixes of Adjectives
Суффиксы прилагательных
What kind of?
Суффиксы |
Примеры |
Перевод |
-able/-ible -al -(an)eous -ous -ant/-ent -ate -que -ic/-ical -ior -ive -ful -less -like -ory -y |
considerable; possible fundamental simultaneous; advantageous various; dangerous important; efficient aggregate unique basic superior positive useful useless humanlike compulsory noisy |
значительный, возможный основной одновременный; благоприятный различный; опасный важный; действенный общий, совокупный уникальный основной высший, лучший положительный полезный бесполезный человечный обязательный шумный |
3. Which of the words are adjectives or adverbs? Why?
easily, equal, noisy, numerous, faulty, anticlockwise, eastwards, well, carelessly, powerful, traceable, good, simply, comfortable, useful, northward, dangerous, businesslike, naturally, inferior, bad.
4. Distribute the words into four columns
Model: what? what kind of? what to do? how?
use useful to use usefully
insulator, failure, fail, addition, additional, overestimate, equal, equalize, equality, equally, different, differ, difference, resist, resistance, resistivity, resistant, commonly, consumer, faulty, impossibility, carelessly, number, numerous, possible, clockwise.
5. a) How many parts does each word consist of? What are the stems?
Model: un-doubt-ed-ly
failure, indifferent, uncommonly, inequality, numerously, uselessly, noiseless, advantageous.
b) Translate the words and their stems.
6. Form nouns by adding the suffixes -er, -or
to work, to invent, to compose, to calculate, to operate, to act, to react, to emit, to transmit, to use, to combine.
7. Form adverbs from adjectives by adding the suffix -ly
easy, reasonable, usual, special, physical, functional, real, regular, mag-netical, different, logical, mathematical, subsequent, consequent.
8. a) Choose the proper suffixes and add them to the stems
stems: equal-, fail-, add-, differ-, success-, common-, resist-.
suffixes: -ure, -ly, -ence, -Шоп, -fill, -less, -ance, -ness.
b) Translate the new words.
9. Form adjectives. Choose the proper suffixes and add them to the stems
stems: differ, advantage, metal, structure, resist, use, reason, control, base.
suffixes: -ous, -ic, -less, -ful, -able, -ent, -ant.
10. Translate into Russian in writing
Oxygen combines directly with nearly all elements.
Plastic materials are relatively new insulating materials.
3. Polythene cables have numerous advantages.
Prefixes
Приставки
Приставки |
Примеры |
Перевод |
a-/ab- anti- со-/соn-
counter- de- dis- en- ex- im-/in-/ir
inter-
mis- non- out- over- re- semi- sub- super- un- under- |
aperiodic; abnormal anti-aircraft co-axial; convergent
to counteract to desalt disadvantage to enlarge ex-president impossible; insignificant; irregular interconnection; interdependence mislead non-conductor output to overestimate to reconstruct semiconductor submarine superconductor unequal to underestimate |
непериодичный; ненормальный противовоздушный имеющий общую ось; сходящийся противодействовать обессолить недостаток увеличивать(ся) бывший президент невозможный; незначительный; нерегулярный взаимосвязь; взаимозависимость
вводить в заблуждение непроводник мощность; выпуск переоценивать перестраивать полупроводник подводный; подводная лодка сверхпроводник неравный недооценивать |