- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit one
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a What is nanotechnology?
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Text c Nanotechnology
- •Check list to Unit I
- •Unit two
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Nanomaterials
- •Lesson three
- •Text b Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in electrical and electronic goods
- •Lesson four
- •Text c The Latest Miracle Nanomaterial
- •Check list to Unit II.
- •Unit three
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Applications of nanotechnology
- •Lesson 3
- •Text b Applications of Nanomaterials in Electronics
- •Lesson 4
- •Check list to Unit III
- •Unit four
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a nanotechnologies - huge opportunities and many unknowns
- •Lesson three
- •Text b What are nanotechnology’s prospects?
- •Lesson four
- •Nanomaterials – Potential Risks for Human Health and the Environment
- •Checklist to unit IV
- •Text II
- •Text III.
- •Faster, lighter computers possible with nanotechnology
- •Computing applications
- •Text IV
- •Closeness breeds material changes
- •Health and environmental issues
- •Potential for Human Exposure and Environmental Contamination
- •Toxicity
- •Text VII
- •A Center for Nanotechnology
- •Text VIII
- •Use of Nanomaterials in Lighting/Displays
- •Text IX
- •Use of Nanomaterials in Lasers
- •Text XI Nanotechnology Coatings
- •Appendix 2 word formation Словообразование
- •1. Underline the stems in the following words
- •2. Which of the given words are nouns or verbs? Why?
- •11. Read the following words. What are their prefixes? stems? suffixes?
- •12. Translate into Russian in writing
- •13. Translate the following words into Russian. Say how they were formed
- •14. Form as many new words as possible from the following ones:
- •Конверсия
- •16. Look up the meanings of these words in a dictionary, if necessary. How are they translated in the sentences below? Mind the word order
- •Предлоги и союзы. Фразовые глаголы
- •In case, unless, provided/providing:
- •In, at, on для обозначения места:
- •Appendix 3
- •Information on Abstracts
- •Краткий грамматический справочник
- •1. Глагол
- •1. Основные формы глагола
- •§ 2. Система грамматических времен английского языка (English Tenses)
- •Времена группы Indefinite
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Indefinite
- •2. Времена группы Continuous
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Continuous
- •3. Времена группы Perfect
- •4. Времена группы Perfect Continuous
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Perfect Continuous
- •3. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Способы перевода глагола-сказуемого
- •4. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •5. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Наиболее употребительные модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •7. Условные предложения (The Conditional Clauses)
- •Бессоюзные условные предложения
- •8. Глагол to be (to be - was, were - been)
- •9. Глагол to have (to have — had — had)
- •The infinitive
- •1. Forms of the infinitive
- •2. Functions of the infinitive
- •3. Infinitive constructions
- •The participle
- •1. Forms of the participle
- •2. Functions of the participle
- •3. Participle constructions
- •The gerund
- •1. Forms of the gerund
- •2. Functions of the gerund
- •3. Complex gerund construction
- •Краткий терминологический словарь
- •Список литературы
Спряжение глаголов группы Indefinite
Форма |
Present Indefinite |
Past Indefinite |
Future Indefinite
|
Утвердительная |
I work Не (she) works We (you, they) work |
I worked He (she) worked We (you, they) worked |
I (we)shall work He (she) will work You (they) will work |
Вопросительная |
Do you work? Does he work? |
Did you (they, he) work? |
Shall I work? Will you (he) work? |
Отрицательная |
I do not (don't) work He does not (doesn't) work |
I did not work |
I shall not work He will not work |
2. Времена группы Continuous
Если сообщается о действиях (процессах), которые происходят, происходили или будут происходить в какой-то конкретный период времени в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем, т.е. указывается на длительность выполнения действия, то употребляют Present, Past, Future Continuous в зависимости от времени действия.
Спряжение глаголов группы Continuous
Форма |
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
Future Continuous
|
Утвердительная |
I am working is working is working They sre working |
I was working was working were working They were working |
I shell be working He (she) will be working We shell be working You (they) will be working |
Вопросительная |
Is hew working? |
Was he working? |
Will he be working? |
Отрицательная |
I am nor working |
I was not working |
I shall not be working |
3. Времена группы Perfect
Если действие совершилось к настоящему моменту, к определенному моменту в прошлом или будет завершено к определенному моменту в будущем, то употребляются времена группы Perfect. В центре внимания — результат действия, а не время его выполнения.
Спряжение глаголов группы Perfect
Форма |
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
Future Perfect |
Утвердительная |
I have investigated He (she) has investigated We (you, they) have investigated |
I had investigated He (she) had investigated We (you, they) had investigated |
I shall have investigated Не (she) will have investigated We shall have investigated have investigated |
Вопросительная |
Have you investigated? |
Had he investigated? |
Will you have investigated? |
Отрицательная |
I have not investigated |
He had not investigated |
We shall not have investigated |
4. Времена группы Perfect Continuous
Глаголы этой группы выражают действия, которые: а) начались раньше указанного момента в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем и продолжают совершаться после этого момента; б) совершались некоторый отрезок времени до определенного момента.