- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit one
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a What is nanotechnology?
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Text c Nanotechnology
- •Check list to Unit I
- •Unit two
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Nanomaterials
- •Lesson three
- •Text b Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in electrical and electronic goods
- •Lesson four
- •Text c The Latest Miracle Nanomaterial
- •Check list to Unit II.
- •Unit three
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Applications of nanotechnology
- •Lesson 3
- •Text b Applications of Nanomaterials in Electronics
- •Lesson 4
- •Check list to Unit III
- •Unit four
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a nanotechnologies - huge opportunities and many unknowns
- •Lesson three
- •Text b What are nanotechnology’s prospects?
- •Lesson four
- •Nanomaterials – Potential Risks for Human Health and the Environment
- •Checklist to unit IV
- •Text II
- •Text III.
- •Faster, lighter computers possible with nanotechnology
- •Computing applications
- •Text IV
- •Closeness breeds material changes
- •Health and environmental issues
- •Potential for Human Exposure and Environmental Contamination
- •Toxicity
- •Text VII
- •A Center for Nanotechnology
- •Text VIII
- •Use of Nanomaterials in Lighting/Displays
- •Text IX
- •Use of Nanomaterials in Lasers
- •Text XI Nanotechnology Coatings
- •Appendix 2 word formation Словообразование
- •1. Underline the stems in the following words
- •2. Which of the given words are nouns or verbs? Why?
- •11. Read the following words. What are their prefixes? stems? suffixes?
- •12. Translate into Russian in writing
- •13. Translate the following words into Russian. Say how they were formed
- •14. Form as many new words as possible from the following ones:
- •Конверсия
- •16. Look up the meanings of these words in a dictionary, if necessary. How are they translated in the sentences below? Mind the word order
- •Предлоги и союзы. Фразовые глаголы
- •In case, unless, provided/providing:
- •In, at, on для обозначения места:
- •Appendix 3
- •Information on Abstracts
- •Краткий грамматический справочник
- •1. Глагол
- •1. Основные формы глагола
- •§ 2. Система грамматических времен английского языка (English Tenses)
- •Времена группы Indefinite
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Indefinite
- •2. Времена группы Continuous
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Continuous
- •3. Времена группы Perfect
- •4. Времена группы Perfect Continuous
- •Спряжение глаголов группы Perfect Continuous
- •3. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Способы перевода глагола-сказуемого
- •4. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •5. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Наиболее употребительные модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
- •6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •7. Условные предложения (The Conditional Clauses)
- •Бессоюзные условные предложения
- •8. Глагол to be (to be - was, were - been)
- •9. Глагол to have (to have — had — had)
- •The infinitive
- •1. Forms of the infinitive
- •2. Functions of the infinitive
- •3. Infinitive constructions
- •The participle
- •1. Forms of the participle
- •2. Functions of the participle
- •3. Participle constructions
- •The gerund
- •1. Forms of the gerund
- •2. Functions of the gerund
- •3. Complex gerund construction
- •Краткий терминологический словарь
- •Список литературы
The participle
1. Forms of the participle
-
Active
Passive
Participle I
delivering
being delivered
Participle II
delivered
Perfect Participle
having delivered
having been delivered
2. Functions of the participle
-
1. Attribute
Mother is looking at her sleeping child.
2. Adverbial modifier
а) of time
b) of reason
c) of manner or attendant circumstances
When asked he refused to answer the question.
Having been translated into many languages the book became world famous.
Не was reading the news- paper sitting in the armchair.
3. Part of the predicate
The plan is being discussed.
All doors were locked.
3. Participle constructions
-
Construction
Example
Objective Participial Construction
noun (g. c.)
+ Part. I; II
pron.(obj. c.)
We heard him playing the piano.
I considered the work done.
I had my books bound.
Subjective Participial Construction
noun (g. c.)
+ Part. I; II
pron.(nom. c.)
Не was seen crossing the street.
She was heard talking about it.
Не was seen looking for something.
-
Absolute Participial Construction
noun (g. c.)
+ Part. I; II
pron.(nom. c.)
It being warm, we went for a walk.
Radio was invented in 1895, the inventor being the Russian scientist.
The gerund
1. Forms of the gerund
-
Active
Passive
Gerund
shipping
being shipped
Perfect Gerund
having shipped
having been shipped
2. Functions of the gerund
-
Function
Usage
Example
Subject
Swimming is my favorite sport.
Part of the compound predicate
after the verb: to be;
with prepositions: against, for;
with the expressions: to be on the point of, to be far from;
after the verbs: to stop, to finish, to continue, to go on, to keep, to begin, tо start, to like, to need, to prefer and others.
My task is reading a book.
The director is for starting the talks at once.
The negotiations are still far from being ended.
Stop talking.
He kept on asking her about the details.
Your suggestion needs discussing.
I prefer reading classical novels.
Object
а) direct object
b) prepositional object
after the verbs: to remember, to enjoy, to mind, to excuse, to be worth;
after the verbs with prepositions:
to depend on, to rely on, to object to, to blame ... for, to thank for, to be responsible for, to be fond of, to be tired of, to be afraid of, to look forward to, to feel like and others.
She suggested
discussing this question.
I don't mind going there.
Не is fond of collecting old cars.
I am afraid of making a mistake.
I am tired of arguing with you.
Attribute
After the nouns with prepositions: way (of), opportunity(of), hope of, ехреrience (in), геаson (for), interest (in), importance of and others.
You have no reason for saying that.
I understand the importance of learning English.
Adverbail Modifier
а) of time
b) of manner or attendant circumstances
с)of purpose
with prepositions: after, before, on;
with prepositions: by, without, instead of, besides, apart from;
with the expressions: for the purpose of, with the object of, with a view to;
After returning home he resumed his work.
She left the room without looking at me.
The board was established for the purpose of improving the process.