1. Read the text and find the part containing information about:

   1. specific agents of infectious diarrhea;

   2. prevention of infectious diarrhea.

2. Complete the following sentences.

1. The beneficial effects of breast-feeding on morbility and ... .

2. Acute, nonbacterial, infectious gastroenteritis is a selflimited dis­ease observed principally ... .

3. The diet is then increased as the ... .

4. The most important part of the management is to ... .

5. The single most important factor in preventing infectious diarrhea is ... .

6. Severity of the disease is variable, but ... .

   3. Write a short annotation using the following sentences as an

outline.

1. The etiology of diarrhea.

2. Infectious diarrhea is a clinical syndrome of diarrhea.

3. The spread of infection.

4. Important factors in preventing infectious diarrhea.

Rubella

Rubella (german measles) is a mild viral disease common in children and young"a3^1ts. Rubella infection takes on particular significance when it occurs in a woman during early pregnancy. More then 26 years ago it was recognized as having teratogenic effects in infants whose mothers had contracted rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. A con­genital rubella syndrome was soon recognized. The characteristics of this syndrome include congenital defects such as eye defects, mental retarda­tion, congenital heart disease and deafness as well as complications of pregnancy such as spontaneous abortions and stillbirths.

Rubella infection probably occurs through the respiratory^ tract, and virus can be isolated from the nasopharynx during the rash. Several stud­ies have confirmed that virus is also present in the throat 7 days prior to the rash and 7 days following the rash. The persistence of the virus, cou­pled with the large number of inapparent infections, indicatesThat; many susceptible women have contact with infectious carries without realizing it.

The hemagglutination-inhibitioii test for rubella, because of its prac­ticality and reliability, has become a widely used test for the detection of j^t^Tla antibodies. The rubella HAI test result is an important factor in the management of pregnancy in women exposed to rubella, and adminis­tration of rubella vaccine to women of childbearing age should be based upon the results of immunity tests.

1. Read the text through carefully going into details. Use the dictionary in case of need.

2. Look through the text and say what facts were unknown to you.

3. Choose the definitions corresponding to the following terms:

• rash, congenital, susceptible, vaccine;

• characterizing an individual who has neither natural nor acquired immunity to a disease and is liable to infection;

• existing before or at birth, though not necessarily detected at that time;

• any skin eruption;

• a preparation administered to induce immunity in the recipient.

  4. Choose as many sentences from the text as you can to prove that ...

     1. Rubella infection takes on particularly significance when it occurs in a woman during early pregnancy;

     2. rubella is a mild viral disease;

     3. the rubella HAI test is of great importance.

  5. Point out passages in the text about which the questions that follow can be asked.

1. What are the characteristics of a congenital rubella syndrome?

2. What is the way of spreading the infective agent in rubella?

3. What is the HAI test used for?

   6. Shorten the text as possible and write a summary.

SCARLET FEVER

The incidence of scarlet fever is the highest during the second five years of life.

Although there are several ways in which the disease may be dissem­inated the most common is undoubtedly by direct transmission of organ­isms from the nasal and aural secretions.

Hemolytic streptococcus of group A is commonly associated with scar­let fever. The usual incubation period is three days. The onset is usually sudden and is accompanied by chillness, vomiting, headache and a sore throat. As in diphtheria and acute tonsillitis, the child often makes no complaint of sore throat, which may only be discovered on routine exam­ination.

The face is flushed and the skin feels hot and dry. In children a rapid pulse rate out of proportion to the height of temperature is one of the features of the disease.

The rash appears in twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Occasionally it arises simultaneously with the first symptoms, or may be delayed until the fifth or sixth day of the disease. The usual duration of rash is three days, a profuse rash causing considerable itching.

Examination of the blood reveals a marked polymorphonuclear leuco- cytosis. Eosiniphlia is also found, varying with the stage and severity of the disease.

Scarlet fever may bring about serious complications such as otitis, nephritis, rheumocarditis, endocarditis, myocarditis, lymphadenitis, pneumonia.

The treatment for scarlet fever consists of giving antibacterial and antistreptococcal preparations. The use of penicillin and other antibiotics not only relieves the clinical course of the disease but is an effective means of preventing complications.

1. Read the text without consulting a dictionary.

2. Comment on the following statements.

   1. There are several ways in which the disease may be disseminated.

   2. The onset of the disease is usually sudden.

   3. The rash appears in 24 to 48 hours.

   4. Examination of the blood helps to make a diagnosis.

   5. Scarlet fever may bring about serious complications.

3. Choose the sentences from every paragraph reproducing the main information.

4. Render the text briefly in English.

CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES

Myocardial Infarction. Primary Hypertension. The Forms of Gerund.

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

1. Remember the meaning of the term-element "cardio" - form new words using it;

acceleration, active, dilator, thrombosis, inhibitory, kinetic, muscu­lar, necrosis, pneumatic, spasm, stimulator, valvulitis, vascular, myopa­thy, circulation.