VI. Match the disease of the liver with its description:

^ 1. inflammation^ the liver due to a virus 1. hepatalgia

infection or such disease as amebic dysen­tery and lupus

.

2. pain in or over the liver. It is caused by liver inflammation (especially an abscess) or swelling.

^ 3. a malignant tumor of the liver occurring in children, made up of embryonic liver cells. It is often confined to one lobe of the liver; such cases may be treated by partial hepa- tectomy.

Key: 1-2, 2-1, 3-3.

VII. Choose the proper continuation.

Hepatic vein is one of several short veins originating within the lobes of the ... V 2. Oxygenated blood is supplied in the ...

J) 3. The liver is supplied by parasympathe­tic nerve fibers from the vagus nerve, and by ...

4. The liver is an important site of ... У 5. The blood leaves the liver via a central vein in each lobule which drains into the ...

Key: 1-3, 2-4, 3-5, 4-2, 5-1.

2. hepatitis

3. hepatoblastoma

1. hepatic vein.

2. metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

3. Liver as small branches, which unite to form the hepatic artery.

4. hepatic artery.

sympathetic fibers from the solar plexus

.VIII. What is it?

Any of the ducts that convey bile from the liver. Bile is drained from the liver cells by many small ducts that unite to form the main bile duct of the liver, the hepatic duct. This joins the cystic duct, which leads from the gallbladder, to form the common bile duct, which drains into the duo­denum.

XI. Translate info English.

1. Печінкова недостатність - це порушення антитоксичності та ін­ших функцій печінки при гострих та хронічних її ураженнях.

2. Печінкова недостатність веде до розвитку печінкової коми.

3. В печінці відбувається синтез та розщеплення білків, ліпідів, вуглеводів, вітамінів та інших речовин.

Text 1

LIVER

Liver is the largest and most complex organ in the body. Most of it lies in the rjght upper side of the abdomen under the diaphragm and and it(^xtends^6ros^to the left side of the body, overlying the upper of the ston

The liver in the(ayer^e£>adult weights about three pounds (1,5 kilos). It is(^oyeredjby a toughTfrorousCapsule. The gallbladder and itsjiucts^lie beneath the right side of the liver. The products of digestion are absorbed by capillaries in the intestinal wall and carried in the hepatic portal vein tocgfijllaries within^the-liyer. Th^-4i¥er is^cgmposed of up to 100,000 <S£anche^and (mterconnecteq cells (|obules). Each Ібішіе is sur^unded by capillaries from hepatic portal veip-and the hepatic artery. More than a liter (two to three(pmt§j) of blood passes through the liver each minute. The blood leaves alongthe hepatic vein tc{ joinihe inferior vena cava and pass to the heart. "

The cells of the liver process digested food, storin^as much of it as is rgquired and con voting the<rem^nc^r)into substances the body needs.

The liver stores Vitamins (exce^TvrEamin C) until, they are required, and its^serve^ can last for many months.

Liver cells also recycle various-substances, such as hemoglobin, that are needed by the body. In additiogj the liver destroys many poisonous^ substances that may be absorbed into the body and acts as an of^gan of excreftoip БШе salts andjMlirubi^are formed in the liver and pass into the to be ^xcret^ into the duodenum or^ored in the gall­

bladder. Unwa^|d^mtj£jjLs,.are destroyed and changed into urea, which is carried in theCmoodstream)o the kidneys and excreted in the urine.

All these (metabohgl processes produce a. considerable amount of heat that helps to (jnaintaii) the body's normal temjperature!

The liver is a complex organ that can be disrujrtedjby a number of_dis_: orders, of which the major causes include infection, poisoning, excessive alcohol, metabolic (abnormalities^) Qbs^^uctiQp., and deficiem;y^ diseases. Many disorders do not produce any symptoms until they have^feachecban advanced^stage because the liver has large reserves that can be used if it is damaged. _ \

Infection of the liver may cause it to become ^гоЦеп, and may pro­duce a ^dull achj>in the upper right part of the abdomen, usually, howev­er, pain does not occur with liver disorders.

<instegjt2 the first symptom of many disorders is jaundice, which occurs when the^6Ue(pigment bilirubin accumulates in the blood. This may be caused by the liver to metabolize bilirubin, or by an

obstruction to the* floW of bile from the liver to the intestines.

Abdominal swelling, resulting from fluid in the peritoneum (ascites), may be caused by obstruction of the hepatic j5ortaI)vein. Such obstruction may also cause varicose veins to form at the lpwer end of the esophagus апск^щгёгЦ causing blood to be vomited (haematemeais) and blood in the faeces (ттТеїепа). The sudden blood loss and influx of protein into the intestines may cause hepatic encephalopathy.

Cancer of the liver may also occur. Liver tumors are usually ^aljg^" Cnant^and result from the<^grea^)of cancer from other parts of the body.

Qccasionallyja primary tumor may occur in the liver, called a he­patoma. Hepatomas are usually associated.with cirrhosis, caused either by alcoholism or by nujaitionaL. deficiency.

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