Exercise 16. Match lines in a and b to make one sentence:

	A	B
1	Known as a scientist,	a) the business lost some of its customers.
2	Having increased the prices,	b) he has improved his pronunciation.
3	Taking a language course,	c) a degree is not enough for a successful career today.
4	Examining the level of environmental pollution in the region,	d) he was a peace-maker as well.
5	Having explained the rule,	e) they collected some important data to process.
6	Fast becoming the minimum qualification for an engineer	f) the teacher gave a few examples.

Exercise 17. Make sentences beginning with Having…:

The teacher explained a new rule. Then she gave some examples. –

Having explained a new rule, she gave some examples.

1. They had a course for a master’s degree. They took examinations in English and Philosophy.

2. They passed all examinations. They were awarded a master’s degree.

3. He entered the room. He said hello.

4. She graduated from the university. She found a job of an environmental engineer.

5. The company increased the productivity. The company received more profit.

6. The company received more profit. The company expanded its business.

Text 4 A

Task 1. Give your ideas on the following. Use: I think… I suppose … I’m sure…:

1.What is business?

2. What are the roles business plays in a market system? Which of these roles is the most important? Why?

3.Are you involved in business in any way? If yes, how?

4.What is the role of the consumer in a market system?

Task 2. Does competition offer any advantages to consumers? Describe them. Use: First of all… Secondly … Also… Finally…. Task 3. Read and translate Text 4a:

Business and Economy

You and Business

The world of business may seem far away from your life but you are already involved in business and with business. Business is already an important part of your life.

You eat, wear clothes, and have a place to live. Therefore, business dealings touch your life every day.

When you buy something you become a customer. You got something you wanted, a CD, for example. However, you did not only satisfy a personal want, you also provided money for both the store that sold the CD and the company that made it. And companies need money in order to stay in business.

Every business also needs people to fill particular jobs in the production of goods and services.

Going to work represents a business transaction. The transaction involves an agreement between you and your employer. When you go to work for someone else, you become an employee.

A job is a continuing business transaction. It represents a cycle of buying and selling. When you accept a job, you agree to sell, or to provide your employer with certain resources, or things of value. These include your skills and your working time. Your employer agrees to buy, or to pay you money for your resources.

The agreement between an employer and an employee is a contract. Under contract, both the employer and the employee have obligations. An obligation under a contract means that you are responsible for keeping your word.

A basic part of the employer - employee business transaction is being paid for your work. A wage is payment in return for work performed. Wages are usually paid on an hourly basis. A salary is a set rate of payment, usually on a weekly or monthly basis. Before you accept a job, you should know how much you will be paid.

A business exists to sell a product. A product is what a business makes or does. Products may be goods or services. An automobile belongs to goods, as a hair dryer does. A haircut is a service. Insurance is a service.

Some businesses offer a combination of the two. A restaurant, for example, sells food products, which are also goods. It also sells the preparation and serving of the food and the cleanup afterwards. These are services.