- •Курс з розвитку навичок читання, перекладу, реферування
- •Do you know that:
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives:
- •Exercise 2. Translate the word combinations:
- •Exercise 3. Translate the word combinations:
- •Exercise 4. Match synonyms.
- •Exercise 5. Read, translate and learn nationality words:
- •Exercise 6. Look at language chart (Fig. 1.1) and answer the questions:
- •Exercise 7. Complete the sentences:
- •Exercise 8. Working in pairs, make up dialogues according to the model:
- •Exercise 9. Fill in the table with the verbs: to teach, to build, to invade, to influence, to speak, to spread, to develop, to learn.
- •Exercise 10. Compose sentences with the above given verbs in Passive and ask your partners to translate them. Exercise 11. Make the sentences Passive:
- •Exercise 12. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 13. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 14. Give the comparative and superlative degrees for the following adjectives:
- •Exercise 15. Fill in the gaps with the adjective in the correct degree:
- •Task 1. Look at the subtitles of the text and predict what information about the English language and its history you will find. Task 2. Read and translate the text:
- •Task 3. Decide which events these dates refer to:
- •Task 4. Answer the questions:
- •Task 5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
- •Task 6. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 7. Ask questions starting with the words in brackets:
- •Statements:
- •Supplementary vocabulary:
- •2. Make up 10 questions on the text and let your partners answer them.
- •1. Skim the paragraphs of the text and find answers to the questions:
- •How is a language often called?
- •What has language made possible?
- •How many languages have a million or more speakers?
- •How do children acquire a command of a language?
- •Supplementary vocabulary:
- •2. Here are the answers to some questions. Work out the questions:
- •3. Translate in writing: Десять мов, якими в основному розмовляють у світі
- •1. Read the text and choose the statements that express the main idea of each part best of all. How to learn a foreign language
- •English in the 21st century
- •Listening comprehension
- •1. Listen to the text and choose the correct answer to the questions:
- •Do you know that:
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives:
- •Exercise 2. Give equivalents to the international words:
- •Exercise 3. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 4. Translate attributive chains. Do not forget that the noun is always the last word in word combinations of this kind:
- •Exercise 5. Match opposites:
- •Exercise 6. Translate the word-combinations and make up sentences with them:
- •Exercise 7. Match a line in a with a line in b and c:
- •Exercise 9. Give three forms of the verbs:
- •Exercise 10. Disagree with these statements. Use:
- •Exercise 11. Choose the correct form of the predicate. Sometimes both forms are correct:
- •Exercise 12. Ask questions to receive the missing information:
- •Exercise 13. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
- •Exercise 14. Find and correct one mistake in each sentence:
- •Exercise 15. Circle the correct translation:
- •Exercise 16. Compare verbs printed in bold type. Are these actions successive or simultaneous? Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 17. Translate the sentences:
- •Courses and degrees
- •Recognition of foreign certificates and degrees
- •Supplementary Vocabulary:
- •Task 5. List the phrases in the logical order:
- •Task 6. Think of a detailed answer and speak on the following:
- •Task 7. Make word combinations:
- •Task 8. Decide which words go along with these key words:
- •Task 9. Match words from the box to their definitions:
- •Task 10. By filling in letters, match terms comparable for the education in Ukraine, uk and usa:
- •Task 11. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the box:
- •Task 12. In Great Britain and the United States of America students of different years are called in a different way. Match the words with their definitions:
- •Task 13. Fill in the gaps with verbs in Active or Passive Voice:
- •Task 14. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 15. Fill in the questionnaire: From international handbook of universities –
- •Institution Questionnaire
- •3. Choose the correct version to complete these statements:
- •4. Compare higher vocational education in Ukraine and in the usa: Points to compare:
- •1. Read the text to find answers to the questions:
- •Listen to the text and answer the questions:
- •Do you know that:
- •Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives:
- •Exercise 2. Translate the word-combinations and make up questions with them:
- •Exercise 3. Match synonyms:
- •Exercise 4. Match opposites:
- •Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps using words in the box in the correct form:
- •Exercise 6. Translate the word combinations into English and make up questions or sentences of your own with them.
- •Exercise 7. Transform the sentences into indirect speech and translate them:
- •Exercise 8. Find a mistake in each sentence:
- •Exercise 9. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 10. Choose the right form of the verb. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 11. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the necessary form. Translate the sentences.
- •Exercise 12. Make up two sentences using the necessary tense. Explain the difference between them:
- •Exercise 13. Reconstruct the questions and answer them:
- •Exercise 14. Translate the sentences:
- •Task 1. Give your opinion on the following:
- •Task 2. Look through the text and agree or disagree with statements given after it. Task 3. Read and translate the text:
- •Task 4. Find answers to the questions:
- •Task 5. The words in a are from the text. Match a word in a with its definition in b:
- •Task 6. Divide the words into three groups:
- •Task 7. Transform the sentences according to the model:
- •Task 8. Translate the sentences:
- •1. The text deals with the following topics. Put them into the logical order giving numbers from 1 to 6:
- •2. Look through the text. Guess the meaning of the words in italics from the context. Use a dictionary to check the meaning.
- •4. Put the following events of Einstein's life into chronological order:
- •5. Read the text more carefully again. Ask each other and answer questions about his life:
- •1. Write a short essay on the development of science in your country. Mention the names of scientists working in your University and the fields of science they are working in.
- •Do you know that ...
- •Exercise 4. Match opposites:
- •Exercise 5. Translate the attributive chains:
- •Exercise 6. Translate the word combinations:
- •Exercise 7. Define whether the words in bold type are the nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or participles:
- •I. Past Simple (I did) and Past Progressive (I was doing)
- •Exercise 8. Choose the correct form: Past Simple or Past Progressive:
- •Exercise 9. Choose the correct form to complete the sentences:
- •Exercise 10. Complete the sentences according to the model:
- •Exercise 11. Express your disagreement with the statements. Use:
- •Exercise 12. Restore the questions to these answers:
- •Exercise 13. Choose the correct English version of the statements:
- •Exercise 14. Translate the word-combinations:
- •Exercise 15. Translate the sentences:
- •Exercise 16. Match lines in a and b to make one sentence:
- •Exercise 17. Make sentences beginning with Having…:
- •Task 1. Give your ideas on the following. Use: I think… I suppose … I’m sure…:
- •Task 2. Does competition offer any advantages to consumers? Describe them. Use: First of all… Secondly … Also… Finally…. Task 3. Read and translate Text 4a:
- •The nature of business
- •F ig. 4.1. The economy has a circular flow of goods and services and an opposing flow of money to pay for the goods and services.
- •How the economy grows
- •Task 4. Answer the questions how needs and wants are satisfied in the world of business:
- •Task 5. Make word-combinations. Match adjectives (or nouns) to nouns (a) and verbs to nouns (b):
- •Task 6. Define one different word or word combination:
- •Task 7. Match words in the box with their definitions:
- •Task 8. Fill in prepositions where necessary:
- •Task 9. Find and correct one mistake in each sentence:
- •Task 10. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, Active or Passive:
- •Task 11. Translate the sentences:
- •1. Look through the text and explain why it is so important to manage time:
- •Fig. 4.2. Things-to-do list
- •Supplementary vocabulary:
- •2. Think and choose which skills are vital for your career in business? For ideas:
- •3. Think and explain what you should, must and can do to make your career.
- •4. Write a page of an essay to explain how your education will help you achieve your long-range goals.
- •1. The sentences have been removed from the text. Read Text 4d and decide in which numbered gap each one should go. (There is one extra sentence, which you do not need to use).
- •2. List these events in order of their occurrence. Then use them as a plan to speak on:
- •3. If you could have asked Mr. Ford only three questions, what would you have asked?
- •1. Choose the correct statement:
Supplementary vocabulary:
infinite – безмежний
to acquire a command of a language – оволодіти мовою
precisely – точно
2. Here are the answers to some questions. Work out the questions:
The word “language” comes from the Latin word “lingua”.
Language is the main means of communication among people.
English influences the development of the advanced technology of today.
Almost every language has its dialect.
Children by the age of 5 and 6 communicate well not having an idea of grammar.
English is a very flexible language.
Immigration in the 19th and 20th centuries has greatly influenced the development of English language.
English-speaking people can be divided into 3 groups.
3. Translate in writing: Десять мов, якими в основному розмовляють у світі
На нашій планеті розмовляють більш ніж 2.500 мовами. Тільки 230-250 з них мають письмові алфавіти та використовуються у міжнародному спілкуванні. 200 мовами розмовляють більш ніж один мільйон людей, 13-ма розмовляють 50 мільйонів та більше. Найбільша кількість людей розмовляють китайською, потім йде англійська, хінді, російська, арабська, іспанська, португальська, японська, німецька та французька.
Цими мовами розмовляє майже половина людства (mankind). Китайська є рідною більш ніж для 700 мільйонів людей, англійська для 257 мільйонів, російська для більш ніж 160 мільйонів, німецька для 92 мільйонів, французька для 56 мільйонів.
Деякі з цих мов розповсюдились далеко за межі (far beyond) своїх рідних територій та відомі як світові мови. Їх викладають у школах як "іноземні мови". Найбільш розповсюджені (widely spoken) розмовні мови – англійська, французька, німецька, російська, іспанська. Кожний рік біля 150 мільйонів людей вивчають англійську, біля 80 мільйонів – французьку, 90 мільйонів – німецьку та 20 мільйонів іспанську.
HOME-READING
Text 1 D
1. Read the text and choose the statements that express the main idea of each part best of all. How to learn a foreign language
I. Learning a foreign language. There are many important reasons for learning a foreign language. Among them are the following:
1. Learning a foreign language increases your range of communication. For example, if you speak only English, you can communicate with over 400 million other persons. If you also learn Spanish, you could speak to any of the 371 million Spanish-speaking people in Latin America, Spain, and other parts of the world.
2. A foreign language can help add to your knowledge of your own language. For example, by studying Latin, you can improve your understanding of many English words that have Latin roots.
3. Learning a foreign language helps you add to your general stock of information. A foreign language can be a key that unlocks new fields of knowledge. If you learn German you will be able to read books that are written in German on almost any subject you may wish to study.
Learning any language involves four different skills: 1) speaking, 2) understanding, 3) reading, and 4) writing. If you understand a foreign language, and can make yourself understood in speech and writing, you have mastered it.
The main idea of this part is:
Learning a foreign language can be a key that unlocks new fields of knowledge.
Learning a foreign language helps a person to increase the knowledge of his native language only.
Learning a foreign language involves two different skills, namely speaking and reading.
II. Methods of study. No language is easy or difficult in itself. The ease or difficulty of any language depends on the age of the person learning it. Before the age of 10, all languages are equally easy when learned by the natural speaking method (listening and imitating). After 10, learning a language becomes more difficult. Therefore, it is desirable to learn foreign languages as early as possible. Some schools start foreign instruction in kindergarten or in the primary grades.
After the age of 10, students can learn foreign languages by either, or both, of two methods: 1) the grammar method, and 2) the spoken language method.
In the grammar method, students learn general rules of grammar and apply them to specific situations. A French grammar lesson may stress the correct use of gender (masculine or feminine). Students learn that le livre (the book) is masculine and la chaise (the chair) is feminine. In this way, they learn grammar while they increase their vocabularies.
In the spoken language method, students try to duplicate the process by which young children learn language. They listen to the teacher, then imitate the sounds, words, and sentences.
Both the grammar method and the natural speaking method are effective. The ideal method for older children and adults seems to be a combination of the two.
The main idea of the second part is:
The ease or difficulty of any language doesn't depend on the age of the person learning it.
After the age of 10 students can learn foreign language by the grammar method, by the spoken language method or by both.
It is not desirable to learn foreign languages as early as possible.
III. Study aids. For hundreds of years, language students have used grammar books, exercise books, and dictionaries. Modern study aids – especially for spoken language – include 1) voice recording with accompanying booklets; 2) tape recorders, which permit students to listen, repeat, erase their own repetition, then try again; 3) videotapes which let students watch their mouth movements and compare them with those of a speaker; and 4) computers, which correct student translations of words and phrases on a video display screen. These language study aids provide not only instruction and practice, but also self instruction, because they can be used without a teacher.
The main idea of the 3rd part is:
Language study aid provides instruction, practice, self-instruction.
Only grammar books, exercise books and dictionaries are used now by students to master a foreign language.
Tape recorders, videotapes, computers, voice recordings are the modern study aids now.
ADDITIONAL READING