- •Infectious diseases.
- •Infectious pathogens ;
- •III. Form the nouns using the suffix(-tion), give their Russian equivalents:
- •IV.Make the words negative:
- •V.Complete this table:
- •VI.Read the text and answer the questions following it:
- •VII.Mix and match:
- •VIII.Make the sentences complete: Rickettsiae
- •IX.Read the text and answer the questions:
- •X. Give Russian equivalents to the following word - combinations:
- •XI. A) Note the difference in meaning of the given words
- •XII. A). Make the definitions of adjectives complete:
- •XVII. The words on the right can be used to form a noun that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
- •XVIII. Read the text and answer the questions after reading. Communicable disease epidemiology
- •XIX. Read about the chain of infection
- •XX. Say in one word:
- •XXI. Render from Russian into English : Инфекционные заболевания
- •XXII. Give the corresponding English names to the following diseases:
- •XXIV. Translate the definitions of these terms into English:
- •XXV. Render from Russian into English, use the suitable words from the active vocabulary:
- •XXVI. Translate from Russian into English:
- •XXVIII. Listen to the text “Infection” and retell it in Russian(appendix)
- •XXX. Check your knowledge of infectious diseases:
- •XXXI. Render from Russian into English, check your knowledge of the words dealing with the topic “Infectious diseases”:
- •Infectious diseases
- •I.Before reading the text look through the list of the following medical terms, be sure you know their meaning:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Read the text «Treatment of tetanus» and make up a dialogue between a professor and a medical student discussing treatment options of a tetanus case. Treatment
- •Mild tetanus
- •Severe tetanus
- •IV. Listen the text “Tetanus” and retell it in Russian.
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following word-combinations:
- •VII. Having obtained the information concerning tetanus fill in the gaps with proper words:
- •VIII. Use special medical terms from Ex.1:
- •IX. Render from Russian into English: Столбняк
- •Diagnosis
- •Prevention and Treatment
- •III.Fill in the gaps with the words in the list below:
- •IV.Make the sentences complete:
- •V.Read the text «Symptoms». Speak about the symptoms according to the plan:
- •Symptoms
- •VI.Listen the text «Leprosy». Retell the text using the following scheme:
- •Incubation
- •Involvement of
- •VII.Give Russian equivalents to these word-combination:
- •VIII.Render from Russian into English:
- •IX.Express your opinion of the psychologic and social problems that leprotic patients may suffer from.
- •X.Make up a dialogue between a specialist of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and a journalist working in periodicals.
- •II. Read text fext "Pediculosis ". Pediculosis.
- •III. Make the sentence complete:
- •IV. Substitute English words for Russian ones: What do head lice look like?
- •V. Listen to the text "Pediculosis " and retell it in Russian:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions in the box:
- •How is a head lice infestation diagnosed?
- •VII. Finish the sentences using obtained information:
- •VIII. Render from Russian into English:
- •Vocabulary:
- •IX. Say what you can:
- •Pediculosis.
Diagnosis
The symptoms (such as distinctive skin rashes that do not disappear, loss of the sense of touch, and deformities that result from muscle weakness) provide strong clues to the diagnosis of leprosy. Microscopic examination of a sample of infected skin tissue confirms the diagnosis. Because leprosy bacteria will not grow in the laboratory, tissue cultures and blood tests are not useful.
Prevention and Treatment
In the past, the deformities caused by leprosy led to ostracism, and people with the disease often were isolated in institutions or colonies. In some countries, this practice is still common. Isolation, however, is unnecessary. Leprosy is contagious only in the untreated lepromatous form, and even then the disease is not easily transmitted to others. Once treatment has begun, the disease cannot be passed to others. Furthermore, most people are naturally immune to leprosy, and only those who have close, long-term contact with an infected person are at risk of developing an infection. People at risk should be monitored by a doctor, but preventive antibiotics are not used. The BCG vaccine, which is used to prevent tuberculosis, offers some protection against leprosy—but is not often used.
Antibiotic treatment can stop the progression of leprosy but does not reverse any nerve damage or deformity. Thus, early detection and treatment are vitally important. Because some leprosy bacteria may be resistant to certain antibiotics, doctors prescribe more than one drug. The standard combination is dapsone and rifampin. Dapsone is relatively inexpensive and generally safe to use; it only occasionally causes allergic skin rashes and anemia. Rifampin, which is more expensive, is even stronger than dapsone; its most serious side effects are damage to the liver and flu-like symptoms. Clofazimine is often added to the treatment regimen for severe cases.
Antibiotic therapy must be continued for a long time, because the bacteria are difficult to eradicate. Depending on the severity of the infection and the doctor's judgment, treatment continues from 6 months to many years. Some doctors recommend lifelong treatment for people with lepromatous leprosy. With treatment, the medical sequelae are often minor, but cosmetic deformities may lead to ostracizing of patients and their families.
III.Fill in the gaps with the words in the list below:
TYPES OF LEPROSY
Lepromatous (multibacillary) leprosy is a …1… steadily progressive form of the disease … 2… by the development of widely distributed lumps
on the skin , …3… of the skin and nerves , and in serious cases by severe … 4… of the skin , muscle weakness, and paralysis , which leads to …5… and deformity. Tuberculosis is a common …6… .
Tuberculoid leprosy is a …7… , often self-limiting form of leprosy causing …8… and disfiguration of …9… of skin ( sparsely distributed ) associated with localized numbness.
Indeterminate leprosy is a form of the disease in which skin …10… represent a combination of the two main types .
Tuberculoid and indeterminate leprosy are known as paucibacillary.
осложнение
проявление
заразный
доброкачественный
онемение
характеризуемый
кусок, участок
обезображивание
утолщение
изменение цвет