- •Infectious diseases.
- •Infectious pathogens ;
- •III. Form the nouns using the suffix(-tion), give their Russian equivalents:
- •IV.Make the words negative:
- •V.Complete this table:
- •VI.Read the text and answer the questions following it:
- •VII.Mix and match:
- •VIII.Make the sentences complete: Rickettsiae
- •IX.Read the text and answer the questions:
- •X. Give Russian equivalents to the following word - combinations:
- •XI. A) Note the difference in meaning of the given words
- •XII. A). Make the definitions of adjectives complete:
- •XVII. The words on the right can be used to form a noun that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
- •XVIII. Read the text and answer the questions after reading. Communicable disease epidemiology
- •XIX. Read about the chain of infection
- •XX. Say in one word:
- •XXI. Render from Russian into English : Инфекционные заболевания
- •XXII. Give the corresponding English names to the following diseases:
- •XXIV. Translate the definitions of these terms into English:
- •XXV. Render from Russian into English, use the suitable words from the active vocabulary:
- •XXVI. Translate from Russian into English:
- •XXVIII. Listen to the text “Infection” and retell it in Russian(appendix)
- •XXX. Check your knowledge of infectious diseases:
- •XXXI. Render from Russian into English, check your knowledge of the words dealing with the topic “Infectious diseases”:
- •Infectious diseases
- •I.Before reading the text look through the list of the following medical terms, be sure you know their meaning:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Read the text «Treatment of tetanus» and make up a dialogue between a professor and a medical student discussing treatment options of a tetanus case. Treatment
- •Mild tetanus
- •Severe tetanus
- •IV. Listen the text “Tetanus” and retell it in Russian.
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following word-combinations:
- •VII. Having obtained the information concerning tetanus fill in the gaps with proper words:
- •VIII. Use special medical terms from Ex.1:
- •IX. Render from Russian into English: Столбняк
- •Diagnosis
- •Prevention and Treatment
- •III.Fill in the gaps with the words in the list below:
- •IV.Make the sentences complete:
- •V.Read the text «Symptoms». Speak about the symptoms according to the plan:
- •Symptoms
- •VI.Listen the text «Leprosy». Retell the text using the following scheme:
- •Incubation
- •Involvement of
- •VII.Give Russian equivalents to these word-combination:
- •VIII.Render from Russian into English:
- •IX.Express your opinion of the psychologic and social problems that leprotic patients may suffer from.
- •X.Make up a dialogue between a specialist of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and a journalist working in periodicals.
- •II. Read text fext "Pediculosis ". Pediculosis.
- •III. Make the sentence complete:
- •IV. Substitute English words for Russian ones: What do head lice look like?
- •V. Listen to the text "Pediculosis " and retell it in Russian:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions in the box:
- •How is a head lice infestation diagnosed?
- •VII. Finish the sentences using obtained information:
- •VIII. Render from Russian into English:
- •Vocabulary:
- •IX. Say what you can:
- •Pediculosis.
XVII. The words on the right can be used to form a noun that fits suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
1. The of equipment is necessary to kill spores. STERILE
2. Safe practice includes the safe of waste. DISPOSE
3. Hands must be carefully washed after____ CONTAMINATE
with body fluids.
4. A patient with a highly infectious disease may have ISOLATE to be cared for in ____
5. Some disease organisms may trigger an inflammatory RESPOND
____in the body.
6. The ___ of influenza depends on the strain SEVERE
of virus causing it.
7. In the case of mumps the period of_____ INCUBATE
is very long.
8. In most European countries, _____against VACCINATE
many childhood diseases is available.
9. A long _____is often required after CONVALESCE
glandular fever.
10. Many viral diseases are known to cause … INFLAME
of the tonsils.
11. A programme of has made diphtheria IMMUNE
a very rare disease in Britain.
12.Tetanus is an_____ by the Clostridium tetani bacillus. INFECT
13. Typhoid fever is spread by_____of food or INGEST
drink contaminated by bacillus from infected faeces.
14. If plaque is not removed from teeth it may lead to the DESTROY
of the enamel.
(Professional English Medical by Alison Pohl, Penguin English Guides)
XVIII. Read the text and answer the questions after reading. Communicable disease epidemiology
A_ communicable or infectious disease is an illness caused by transmission of a
specific infectious agent or its toxic products from an infected person or animal to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly.
Communicable diseases continue to present the most important acute health problems in all countries. In developed countries acute upper respiratory tract infections are responsible for a great deal of morbidity and time off work. In most developing countries, communicable diseases are still the major causes of both morbidity and mortality.
The most striking recent development in this field has been the emergence of new diseases. Lassa fever, a viral disease transmitted from rodents, was first recognized in Nigeria in 1969. Legionnaires' disease, caused by a Gram-negative bacillus, was first described after an outbreak of pneumonia following a meeting of American Legionnaires in Philadelphia in 1976.and was traced to the contamination of air-conditioning equipment. AIDS is the most devastating of the new communicable diseases.
An epidemic is the occurrence in a community or region of a number of cases of a disease that is unusually large or unexpected for the given place and time. When an epidemic is described, the time period, geographical region, and particulars of the community group in which the cases occur must be clearly specified.
The number of cases indicating the presence of an epidemic varies according to the agent, the size and type of population exposed, previous experience or lack of exposure to the disease, and the time and place of occurrence. The identification of occurrence of an epidemic also depends on the usual frequency of the disease in the area among the specified population during the same season of the year. A very small number of cases of a disease not previously recognized in an area, associated in time and place, may be sufficient to constitute an epidemic.
Epidemics are usually either point-source or contagious in origin. In a point-source epidemic, susceptible individuals are exposed more or less simultaneously to one source of infection. This results in a very rapid increase in the number of cases, often in a few hours. The cholera epidemic is an example of a point-source epidemic.
In contrast, in a contagious epidemic the disease is passed from person to person and the initial rise in the number of cases is slower.
An endemic disease is one that is usually present in a given geographical area or population group at relatively high prevalence and incidence rates, in comparison with other areas or populations. Endemic diseases such as malaria are among the major health problems in developing countries. If conditions change, either in the host or the environment, an endemic disease may become epidemic.
(Compiled from Basic Epidemiology, WHO, Geneva, 1993)